COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Thuja occidentalis AND Phyllanthus emblica | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Since ornamental plants have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, they have been widely used as a therapeutic source to treat a wide range of diseases. Owing to the existence of phytocompounds such as Tannins, Flavanoids, Saponin, and others, Thuja occidentalis and Phyllanthus emblica have the ability to treat diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases, and some infections. The antioxidant potential of both the plants collected from the Chandigarh University botanical garden was calculated by measuring the IC50 value of plant extracts prepared in water with varying concentrations of each plant extract, as well as their synergistic antioxidant potential using the DPPH assay for free radical scavenging. The antimicrobial ability of both the plants was observed using the Agar well diffusion method and the Microtitre plate dilution method to assess the effective dosage of both the plants by measuring the IC50 for both the plants as well as their blend in the antimicrobial assay. Both plants had antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but Phyllanthus emblica had a higher therapeutic ability than Thuja occidentalis. Thus, the synergistic effect of both plants was observed, which has not been recorded previously, and exhibited more effective potential than the plants alone, and can be a better option for ailment of certain diseases and can be utilised as anti ageing and anti cancerous drugs than synthetically obtained drugs, as well as a source of recovering from diseases that can be Gastrointestinal such as diarrhoea, a better option for ailment of certain diseases and can be utilised as anti ageing and anti cancerous drugs than As a result, Phyllanthus and Thuja have the potential to be a better potential treatment for the relief and cure of such diseases.

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THE EFFECT OF BLACK TEA RESIDUES ON THE GROWTH OF Vicia faba AND SOME OF ITS PHENOTYPIC PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF CHLOROPHYLL | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The current research was piloted from (5-10-2018) to (15-2-2019) at the College of Education for Girls-University of Kufa to study the impact of black tea residues on some of the vegetative indicators represented by pea plants (plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, length of branches, leafy area and soft weight of the vegetative group, soft weight of the vegetative group, soft weight of the leaves, length of branches, And for the sake of contrast, the remainder of the seedlings were left without addition. The results of the study showed that care in all studied traits surpassed (240 g) morally over each (control) and (120 g) treatments. Although no substantial difference between the two treatments (240 g) and (180 g) was observed in any of the following characteristics (plant height, number of branches, length of branches), the treatment (240 g) exceeded all of the (leafy area) recipe treatments (Number of sheets). Similarly, no substantial difference between (120 g) and control care was found in any of the studied traits, with the exception of two traits (leafy area and number of plant leaves). For both (120 g) and (control) treatments, the treatment also exceeded (180 g) in all the studied characteristics except for the adjective (paper area) in which no substantial difference was found between the treatment (180 g) and the treatment (120 g), indicating that the treatment (180 g) Cloud overtook the control treatment in all the studied characteristics. The results of the research showed the superiority of the treatment (240 g) of black tea waste in all the characteristics mentioned, with the exception of the characteristic (root length) where no substantial difference between the treatment (240 g) and the treatment (240 g) was observed (180 g). In addition, treatment (180 g) was superior to treatment (120 g) and (control) in all characteristics, because no substantial difference was observed between treatment (120 g) and (control) except for the characteristic (length of vegetative group) where treatment exceeded (120) the clouded control of pea seedling treatment.

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TO COMPARE THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF TWO CONSTRUCTED BIOFILTERS (BIOSAND AND BIOCHAR WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM) FOR IRRIGATION IN TWO AREAS IN WEST COAST BERBICE | Journal of Biology and Nature,

The purpose of this study was to compare the removal efficiency of two types of constructed biofilter treatments, the BioSand and BioChar filters, for the purpose of irrigation in two areas of West Coast Berbice, Guyana, South America. Various water parameters were tested based on salinity, nutrients and miscellaneous. It was determined if the parameters were within the range of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines for irrigation water. For the raw/source water, the parameters were within range except Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli. For both of the biofilter treatments, all of the parameters were within range except Potassium, Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli. For both of the biofilter treatments, Total Dissolved Solids, Sodium, Chloride and Potassium levels were higher than the raw/source water. For the BioSand filter treatment, the Electrical Conductivity level was higher than the raw/source water. This filter had removal efficiencies of 20.0%, 50.0%, 30.0%, 16.34% and 90.84% respectively for Sulphate, Phosphate, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli. pH was reduced from weakly acidic in the source water (6.00) to slightly acidic (6.62). For the BioChar filter treatment, the Sulphate and Chemical Oxygen Demand levels were higher than the raw/source water. This filter had removal efficiencies of 6.67%, 25.0%, 22.84%, and 62.84% respectively for Electrical Conductivity, Phosphate, Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli. pH was reduced from weakly acidic in the source water (6.00) to slightly alkaline (7.09). The Schmutzdecke layer played a major role in the removal of the bacteria. Therefore, the BioChar filter treatment had a greater removal efficiency than the BioSand filter treatment.

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PREPARATION OF ADSORBENT FROM PHOSPHATE ROCK WASTE TO BE USED FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL IONS FROM WASTEWATER

In this study a cost-effective adsorbent was prepared from phosphate rock waste. An abundant phosphate rock waste was generated, as by-product, from phosphate concentration processes. Phosphate rock waste was activated by chemical activators (including  different concentration of HNO3 and  NaOH or with both). The developed adsorbent was characterized using different techniques (XRD, XRF and SEM). Batch experiments were conducted to test the heavy metal ions (Cd+2, Cu+2, Ni+2, Pb+2 and Zn+2) removal efficiency by the developed adsorbent. The adsorption process was evaluated as a function of various operating parameters such as contact time, solution pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The results concluded that activation phosphate rock waste was effective with 2M HNO3, and the developed adsorbent is suitable for effective removal of Cd+2, Cu+2, Ni+2, Pb+2 and Zn+2 from aqueous solution. Initial uptake of these metal ions increases with time and reaches equilibrium at 60 min, while the optimum adsorbent dosage and solution temperature were 0.5 g 100 mL-1 and 25°C, respectively. The adsorption process was pH-dependent with high adsorption capacity at pH 7. The experimental isotherms data were analyzed using the Langmuir, and Freundlich   models. The data obtained from adsorption isotherms of metal ions at different time fitted well to linear form of Langmuir model.

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