EVALUATION OF Syzygium travancoricum Gamble LEAF EXTRACTS FOR ITS PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Syzygium travancoricum Gamble leaves crude extract (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol) were investigated for phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial assay and antioxidant activity. The results of qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the absence of saponins and presence of alkaloids, tannins and phenols, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, oils and fats in all three solvent extracts. Anthroquinones and glycosides were present in petroleum ether extract and ethanol extract but absent in chloroform. Proteins and amino acids were present in chloroform and ethanol extracts but absent in petroleum ether extract. Antimicrobial study revealed that the fungal pathogens (Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger) and bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli, Klebsiella sp and Pseudomonas sp) were resistant to all the extracts. Micrococcus luteus, Shigella flexneri and Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to petroleum ether extract but sensitive to ethanol extract than chloroform extract with an inhibition zone of 14, 14.5 and 12.3 mm diameter respectively. The total phenolic content of the petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts of S. travancoricum was determined to be 5.70, 23.34 and 27.76 µg of GAE respectively. Total antioxidant activity and reducing capacity of ethanol extracts showed a maximum absorbance of 1.60 and 2.31 at 1000 µg/ mL concentration followed by chloroform (1.13 and 2.05) and petroleum ether (0.25 and 0.88). Among the three solvent extracts tested ethanol extract showed highest percent inhibition of 96.11%, 97.11% and 96.16% in DPPH, nitric oxide and ABTS scavenging assay respectively, followed by chloroform and petroleum ether extract.  The percent scavenging activity of the three extracts increased with increase in concentration of the crude extracts.

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QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) PEEL EXTRACT-A PRELIMINARY STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Citrus sinensis is a rich source of bioactive compounds and the peels of this fruit also contain many phytochemicals. The present study highlights the impact different solvents on extraction yields and preliminary phytochemical screening of orange peels. The results obtained from this study reflect that solvent plays a very important role in extraction yield and in solubilizing biochemical compounds present in orange peels. Methanol has been identified as one of the effective extraction solvent in this study, resulting in the highest extraction yield (28%) in comparison to two other solvents used i.e. distilled water and ethanol. The preliminary phytochemical screening by qualitative tests reveals the maximum presence of phytochemical in methanol based cold percolation extraction method. The major phytochemicals found in orange peels were terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenols. The phytochemicals found in the orange peels have various medicinal properties such as antiproliferative, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, and anti-cancerous.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5203  

PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING, ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ON LEAVES EXTRACT OF Murraya koenigii | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 

Murraya koenigii is one of the herbal plants, originates in India and mainly used as flavouring agent in Indian cuisine and in many other Asian countries. Due to the presence of number of phytochemicals, curry leaves exhibit properties like antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancerous, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory etc. These are used to cure diseases like hypertension, hyperglycemia, cough, cold, skin infections, poisonous stings etc. Curry leaves are acidic in nature, bitter in taste having little pungent smell and are mainly used in dried form. For this present study, curry leaves were collected from Punjab agriculture university, Ludhiana. Different tests were performed in order to detect phytochemicals from curry leaves and to confirm its antimicrobial property. Pharmacological studies were done which involves study of morphology, physical properties and microscopic properties of Murraya koenigii. After performing qualitative and quantitative analysis, following phytochemicals were seem to be present in Murraya koenigii which are phenols, flavenoids, saponins, tannins, sugars, alkaloids etc. It was also seen that curry leaves show antimicrobial properties against E. coli and Saphylococus aureus which was seen by measuring the zone of inhibtion. Antioxidant properties were also detected in curry leaves by using UV 1800 spectrophotometer using DPPH.

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REVIEW ARTICLE ON PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF Portulaca quadrifida Linn. AND Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn. | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Traditional medication has gained popularity globally in past few decades for mitigating number of disorders with least side effects. These herbal medications have proven significant effects in preventing and treating diseases. Present article reviewed the presence of phytoconstituents and different pharmacological profile of two herbal plants i.e Portulaca quadrifida Linn. and Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn. It has proven that presence of phytoconstituents signifies the pharmacological activities in plants. The plant P. quadrifida possess alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, tannins, amino acids and saponins and have antifungal, anticonvulsant, neuropharmacological activity, dysentery, antigastric and anti-inflammatory activities whereas, the P. scrobiculatum possess flavonoids, phenolic acids, carbohydrates, fats, oils, tannins, amino acids and proteins in different extracts and signifies anti-fungal effects, anticancer, antidepressant, antihyperlipidemic,  and antioxidant profile.

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THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF Pogostemon benghalensis: AN UPDATED REVIEW | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Pogostemon benghalensis also known as Hookloti is an annual, aromatic and undershrub, commonly found in Melghat-Maharashtra State in India. It has been the part of traditional medicinal system and being used to treat bacterial as well as fungal infections. Pogostemon benghalensis contains alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, gums, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids, carbohydrate, phenolics. Pogostemon benghalensis has showed anti-tumour, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant activities. Further investigations exploring possible use of these phytochemicals as pharmacological agents are warranted. This review is an attempt to compile and documented information on different aspect of Pogostemon benghalensis. The present synthesis can guide future researchers for new insights in this plant species.

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THE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF Avicennia marina PLANT

The plant Avicennia marina is broadly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Therapeutic plants have been studied for phytochemical analysis since most of the biological activities are due to the presence of phytoconstituents. This paper deals with the phytochemical determination of Avicennia marina plant using various solvent extracts such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol based on the polarity. Various tests were performed for analysis. The results revealed that all the extracts of the plant had a wide range of phytochemicals such as phenol, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, steroid, terpenoids.

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METALS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LEAVES AND PEELS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya) SOLD WITHIN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Leaves and peels of pawpaw bought from open market within Port Harcourt metropolis were examined for metals and qualitative phytochemical compositions with the intent or aim to examine their phyto and ethno medical importance as agricultural waste products. The metals examined in the leaves and peels of the pawpaw were; manganese (Mn), potassium (K), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and selenium (Se). Their concentrations were in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Mg > K >Cu > Ca > Ni > Na > Pb> Ar = Se in the leaves, while those of the peels were in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Mg > Cu > Ca > K > Ni = Na > Pb> Ar = Se. The results of heavy metals in leaves and peels were not significantly different from each other, but were slightly higher in the peels than the leaves. The phytochemicals examined in the leaves and plants were flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenol, terpenoids, tannins, carboxylic acids, quinones and xanthoproteins. The phytochemicals detected in the aqueous extracts of the leaves and peels were; flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, caboxylic acids and xanthoprotein, while methanolics extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenolics, terpenoids and xanthoproteins. The presence of micronutrients and phytochemicals in the pawpaw plant might be the reason for its utility in the cure of different diseases and ailments.

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