ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF MULTI- STRESS AFFECTED Zingiber officinale PLANT EXTRACTS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Roscoe belongs to the Zingiberacea genus, and the plant ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a perennial herb with dense and tuberous rhizomes. Plants have long been used in the preparation of traditional medicines, and those drugs were made from locally cultivated wild plants. The aim of this study was to see how effective E. elatior flower's methanol extract was against a variety of disease-causing fungi and bacteria, as well as to look into antimicrobial sources and report on antioxidant activities and phytochemical screaming tests.

Methodology: All experiments were carried out at the University of Lahore's biotechnology and plant science laboratories. Using an ethanol extraction system, an N-hexane extraction system, and a rotary evaporator for aqueous extraction. n-hexane, ethanol, whitman filter paper, nutrient agar, SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar), distilled water, and nutrient Broth were all used in this experiment or reagent analysis and were given as follows: n-hexane, ethanol, whitman filter paper, nutrient agar, SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar), distilled water, and nutrient The extracts were held in autoclaved 25 mL McCartney bottles in a 4°C refrigerator until they were required. Prior to storage, the bottles were carefully labelled and labelled correctly.

The antifungal efficacy of Zingiber officinale was assessed against multiple forms of pathogens with different concentrations such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger, as well as the positive controls. Disc diffusion is used to apply all forms of fungus to various fungus cultures. First and foremost, we remove the rhizome under fungus regulation. Rhizome extract provides the best results in zone of inhibition in Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus (17 mm and 17.5 mm, respectively), but other forms of fungi species also provide good results.

Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of n-hexane extract prepared from ginger rhizome was dose dependent in this analysis (Zingiber officinale). Along with the positive controls, there were four bacterial strains: Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Aceromonas, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aceromonas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed the highest antibacterial activity, which was higher than the positive regulation, Zingiber officinale. The minimum antibacterial ethanol extraction, on the other hand, was discovered against Escherichia coli. Inhibition areas were not visible in the positive regulation.

Please see the link:- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5583

CONTROLLING Streptococcus mutans USING SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES MEDIATED THROUGH Symplocos racemosa | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 When left unsupervised, Streptococcus mutans (Sm), the harbinger of dental decay, is a pathogenic bacterium that has been linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. With the right inhibitory measures in place, we can reduce its role in exacerbating morbidity. The goal of our research was to look into the antibacterial potential of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) made from Symplocos racemosa (Sr).

Sr was pulverised and turned into a filtered herbal formulation. For the synthesis of nanoparticles, sodium selenite solution was added to it, and the mixture was kept in a magnetic stirrer. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to characterise the Se-NPs, which were then centrifuged until the final pellet was obtained. On a Muller-Hinton Agar plate, a fresh bacterial suspension of Sm was scattered. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours with Se-NP concentrations of (50, 100, and 150) l in each well. The zones of inhibition were measured using antibiotics as a control.

Following the synthesis of Se-NPs, there was a visible colour change. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to characterise the prepared particles, and a peak at 280 nm was discovered. With an increase in Se-NP concentration, the inhibition zones grew larger. The antibacterial control was followed by 150 L of our Se-NPs, which was the most effective against Sm.

Conclusion: Sr-derived Se-NPs are effective antibacterial agents against Sm. They're non-toxic, quick, and simple to make, and they could be an inexpensive way to control Sm.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5557

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF AMLA SEED MEDIATED GRAPHENE OXIDE, SILVER NANOPARTICLE & Go-Ag NANOPARTICLE - AN in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The study's goal was to make Amla seed-mediated silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and GO-Ag nanocomposite and test their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans. The cytotoxicity of amla seed mediated graphene oxide nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles, as well as GO-Ag nanocomposite, is then determined using the Brine shrimp lethality assay.

Amla seed extract was prepared using the following materials and methods. Silver, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and GO-Ag nanocomposites were biosynthesised using the filtrate. The samples were measured for maximum absorbance using UV-Visible spectrophotometry after 24 hours of incubation. To produce the synthesised silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and GO-Ag nanocomposite, all of the samples were heat dried. Various concentrations of biosynthesized Amla seed mediated silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and GO-Ag nanocomposite (50,100,150 g/ml) were tested for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans. The cytotoxicity of different nanoparticle concentrations was determined using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay.

The colour of AgNPs changed from colourless to reddish brown, the colour of GO NPs changed from brown to black, and the colour of GO-Ag nanocomposite changed from black to a darker intensity of black. The formation of their respective nanoparticles is confirmed by the colour change. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans.

Lactobacillus (150 ug/ml – 17 mm zone of inhibition) and Lactobacillus (150 ug/ml – 20 mm zone of inhibition) all showed 20% lethality at a concentration of 25 ul. Graphene oxide nanoparticles have strong antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus (150 ug/ml – 20 mm zone of inhibition) and demonstrated 40% lethality at a concentration of 25 ul. The antibacterial activity of the GO-Ag nanocomposite was negligible against all of the test organisms, with 10% lethality at 20 and 25 ul. Antibacterial activity against Candida albicans was limited in all three nanoparticles (9 mm Zone of Inhibition).

Conclusion: Amla fruit seed extracts were used to make silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and GO-Ag nanocomposites. Silver, graphene oxide nanoparticles, and the GO-Ag nanocomposite all had a strong antibacterial impact against oral pathogens while causing minimal cytotoxicity.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5555

ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION STUDY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Salvia officinalis FROM THE SOUTH ALGERIAN | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Using the steam distillation process, extraction of essential oils from Salvia officinalis plants was performed. We conducted this analysis to obtain an extract of essential oil from the Salvia officinalis South Algerian plant cultivated in the Municipality of Ghardaia. The Lamiaceae family of Salvia officinalis, popular in Algeria, is a native herb with many therapeutic properties (antiseptic, anti-neuralgic, analgesic...). The extraction of its aromatic fraction provides new perspectives through a Clevenger-type apparatus in aromatherapy by hydrodistillation process. The extract obtained was the target of antibacterial and antifungal action, and a chemical analysis involves determining the composition of the chemical essential oil by GC-MS, showing the presence of the substance that may have different interests. The antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of oils has been checked against the growth of various Fusariums using the direct contact process (Fusarium sporotrichioides Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium langsethiae). The results showed that natural antimicrobial activity has great potential against tested strains. Thirty four compounds representing a proportion of 75.46 percent of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis were found in the study of this oil by GC-MS, suggesting the presence of many components that are the key components of Camphor (23.3 percent), followed by alpha-thujone (14.6 percent), 1.8-cineole (5.72 percent) and limonene (4.04 percent). Further studies on this plant and other medicinal plants to isolate, purify and classify active ingredients with biological activities would be interesting.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5524

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TAMARIND MEDIATED COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Objective: To determine the antioxidant and antibacterial function of nanoparticles induced by Tamarind Copper Oxide.

Materials and methods: In 50 mL of distilled water, 0.318 g of CuSO4 powder was dissolved and 50 mL of the prepared extract was applied to it. The solution was deposited in a nanoparticle-forming orbital shaker and checked by a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The antibacterial activity of the agar well diffusion system against S was assessed. Lactobacillus and mutans. The antioxidant function of the copper oxide nanoparticle induced by tamarind was evaluated by the DPPH assay technique.

Results: Nanoparticles of copper oxide showed a concentration - dependent antibacterial activity against S. Mutans versus Lactobacillus. The concentration-dependent antioxidant activity was shown by the different concentrations of Tamarind-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles used (10 μL, 20 μL, 30 μL, 40 μL, 50 μL). Copper oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated the highest radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 50 μL.(94.7 percent ).

Conclusion: Copper Oxide nanoparticles synthesized using tamarind showed strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity and can therefore be used as a healthy, simple and eco-friendly green synthesis of copper nanoparticle for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5523

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOL CONTENTS OF Sargassum polycystum EXTRACT AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Objective and Context: Brown algae contain a number of chemical components (carotenoids, laminarin, alginate, fucoidan, mannitol and phlorotannin) that are used to treat various degenerative diseases as anti-cancer agents, antioxidants and chemo-preventive agents. One of the algae species belonging to the Phaeophyceae class, or brown algae, is Sargassum polycystum. Content of phenols in S. Polycystum may function as an anti-bacterial pathogen, particularly E. S. and coli. Bacteria with aureus. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the total phenol and its antibacterial activity from the semi-polar to the polar extract.

Materials and methods: Maceration with 96 percent ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate as the solvent was used in the extraction process. The total phenol content was measured using the foline ciocalteau reagent with a gallic acid standard UV VIS spectrophotometer. While the extract's antibacterial activity was performed with gram-negative E using the disc diffusion zone process. Gram-positive S and coli. Bacteria with aureus.

Results and Discussion: The results showed that the S. Phenol with a gross phenol content of 96 percent ethanol 3.75 mg EGA/g, ethyl acetate 5.78 mg EGA/g and acetone 4.04 mg EGA/g were found in polycystum extract. The 96 percent antibacterial activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts was rated as high with a range of 10-13 mm inhibition zone diameter. The highest overall phenol content and antibacterial activity occurred with ethyl acetate extract.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this analysis is that ethyl acetate with the maximum total phenol content of 5.78 mg EGA/g is the most effective solvent for phenol attraction. This is a positive association with the findings of the ethyl acetate extract's antibacterial activity, which has a higher inhibition zone activity relative to other E extracts. S. and coli. Bacteria with aureus.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5466

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CINNAMON - CLOVE MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Streptococcus mutans | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Context: There are protective properties of cinnamon and clove against oral pathogens. Streptococcus mutans is responsible for the creation of cavities. Synthetic drugs were used to the full and the scientific area in terms of medicine was taken over by newer nanoparticles. As they appear to have little or no side effect on human health, herbal extracts contained abundantly need to be used more.

Aim: This research was conducted to test the antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans of Cinnamon-Clove mediated Silver nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods: We procured herbal powders. After maximum activity was noted by UV spectroscopy, an aqueous extract was prepared and centrifugated. The inoculated culture plates were added to different volumes of the Silver nanoparticles containing Cinnamon and Clove combinations. The inhibition zones were measured using the technique of disc diffusion.

Results: Cinnamon-Clove mediated Silver nanoparticles had the highest amount of good antibacterial activity (10 mm inhibition zone) and this property was greater than that of widely used antibiotics (Amoxicillin-8 mm).

Conclusion: Cinnamon and Clove mediated Silver nanoparticles were examined and good antibacterial efficacy was indicated by their wider inhibition zones and this property was shown to be similar to an antibiotic. This new formulation for use against oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, which is positively correlated with dental caries and periodontal disorders, can be integrated into mouthwashes and probiotic lozenges.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5348

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF Foeniculum vulgare ESSENTIAL OIL -AN in vitro STUDY

 Introduction: Inability to extract intracanal biofilm and the existence of different microbial species can be linked to the most common cause of failure of most root canal therapies. In order to achieve maximum microbe removal, the quest for an ideal root canal irrigant and medication is still on. The objective of this study was to test the antimicrobial efficacy of the Foeniculum vulgare seeds (Fennel seeds) essential oil against E. C and faecalis. Albicans, and compare it to Calcium hydroxide, the new gold standard.

Materials and Methods: Undiluted and 100% pure essential oil derived from steam distillation of seeds of Foeniculum vulgare was used. Fungal and bacterial strains of E. ATCC 29212 and C faecalis. ATCC 10231 albicans were grown and test samples of fennel seed oil (20μl), fennel seed oil and calcium hydroxide mixture, calcium hydroxide and 30% propylene glycol were tested against the microbial strains. For the antibacterial and antifungal activity evaluation, the zones of inhibition around the treated discs were assessed.

 

Performance: The results of the study showed statistically significant inhibition zone diameters (in mm) in contrast to the negative power. The combination of fennel seed oil and calcium hydroxide, followed by pure fennel seed oil for both E, shows the maximum inhibition diameter. C. Albicans. and E. faecalis.

Concluding: F. Thanks to its antimicrobial potency, vulgar essential oil can be tried and used for long-standing cases of infection.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5296

A SHORT REVIEW ON MEDICINAL PLANT- Moringa oleifera | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 In the growing scenario of new disease, allopathy is lacking somewhere in fulfilling the needs of present medicinal demands. Also, the available marketed drugs are associated with a large number of side effects thus lowering the spectrum of treatment. So, the present demand is of the drugs having minimal or no side effects which can be achieved somewhat with the help of traditional herbal medicines. Herbal medicines are used in our history from a long time but lacking in specific receptor action. To extract out the active constituent of herbal drug and to use it specifically for a specific receptor is present scenario demand which is a tedious and time-consuming task. Our aim is to study the properties present in various parts or different extracts of herbal drugs so that they can be used specifically instead of whole drug to fight diseases. The present review focuses on an herbal plant Moringa oleifera and its pharmacological activities.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5223

PRIMARY STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HONDURAN MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) LEAF EXTRACT

The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Swietenia macrophylla crude methanolic (SMCM) seed extract. The antimicrobial activity of the oily extract against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, yeast and fungus strains was evaluated based on the inhibition zone using disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The crude extract was subjected to various phytochemicals analysis. The demonstrated qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presences of common phytocompounds including alkaloids, terpenoids, antraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and volatile oils as major active constituents. The SMCM seed extract had inhibitory effects on the growth of Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and illustrated MIC and MBC values ranging from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml.

Please read full article : - www.ikprress.org