AN UPDATE REVIEW OF MOROCCAN MEDICINAL PLANTS USED TO TREAT DIABETES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Traditional plants are used in Morocco to treat different diseases including diabetes mellitus.Diabetes is a serious health problem and a major cause of mortality.The purpose of this review consist to report all herbal medicines, their part used, the traditional uses, and the frequency of citation based on ethnobotanical studies finding in different regions of Morocco.Several databases including PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Hindawi, and Taylor & Francis are used to determine ethnobotanical medicinal plants used against diabetes.Results revealed the identification of 206 plants from 64 families belonging to several botanical families including Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae.Trigonella foenum-graecum, Olea europaea, Artemisia herba-alba, Citrullus colocynthis, Nerium oleander and Salvia officinalishave been reported with a highest percentage of frequency occurrence. Some of these plants presented an efficient in vitro andin vivohypoglycemic effect. Indeed, the antidiabetic mechanism of action is not full understood. However, the antidiabetic activities of luteolin, oleuropein, chlorogenic acid, and apigeninisolatedare nowstudied. These compounds induce the antidiabetic effect viathe inhibition of the PKB/AKT pathway, and PPARγ expression and the activation of AMPK and PI3K-GSK3 pathways. These molecules present a potential as an alternative compounds in diabetes therapeutic strategy and further studies should be performed to elaborate their effects in clinical trials.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5279

FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SAFFRON (Crocus sativus) IN MOROCCO

In Morocco, saffron is grown in the areas of Taliouine (provine of Taroudante) and Taznakht (province of Ouarzazate). Studies on fungi related to this crop are still very rare. Mycological studies on mycoflora associated with Saffron (Crocus sativus) from the main producing area, located in the Taliouine region was carried out between September (corms for cultivation) and December (soil and roots of saffron plants), 2018. The samples (corms and roots with symptoms) were cut up in fragments and disinfected with alcohol. Then, these fragments were cultured on Potato Sucrose Agar and incubated in the growth chamber for 7 days at 28°C. The pure cultures obtained were identified morphologically and microscopically. The fungal complex identified in the soils, corms and roots of saffron plants was almost identical, including Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. roseum, Fusarium sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Trichoderma sp., Rhizopus oryzae and Penicillium sp. Species of the genus Fusarium, considered as true pathogens of different crops, are the most represented, with isolation percentages ranging from 6 to 20%. Trichoderma sp., a biocontrol agent against various pathogens, has also been isolated from the soils, corms and roots of saffron plants, with a percentage of isolation ranging from 8 to 13%. This is the first time that the species of the genus Fusarium (F. solani, F. culmorum and F. roseum) and Trichoderma have been isolated in Morocco from Crocus sativus.

Please read full article : - www.ikprress.org

DIVERSITY OF ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE THUYA RHIZOSPHERE, SEFROU REGION (MIDDLE EASTERN ATLAS, MOROCCO)

Tetraclinis articulata is an essence of great socio-economic value. The development of the resistance and survival potential of this species to sometimes extreme environmental conditions are a concern of the managers. for that, the present work is fixed as an objective to evaluate the rate of mycorrhization of thuya roots and to highlight the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of thuya from two sites (Beni Souhane and Aderj) of the region of Sefrou (Middle Eastern Atlas). The results obtained showed that the thuya roots carry different structures of endomycorrhizal fungi. The frequencies of mycorrhization of the roots are of the order of 93.3% at the level of site Aderj and 80% at Beni Souhane. The mycorrhizal root intensities are respectively 45.8% and 40% for the Beni Souhane and Aderj sites. Moreover, the arbuscule contents are 26.05% in Beni Souhane and 25.52% in Aderj. The vesicle contents are 14.89% in Aderj and 21.51% in Beni Souhane. The density of endomycorrhizal spores in the rhizosphere of Thuya is 98 and 26 spores / 100 g of soil, respectively in Beni Souhane and Aderj. The identification of isolated spores allowed to note the presence of 37 species belonging to 7 genera, 7 families and 3 orders. The genus Glomus is the most abundant, with a distribution percentage of 63.5%. The species richness is 29 taxa in the site of Beni Souhane and 18 species at the level of Aderj. Besides, the thuya of the Beni Souhane site shows a better rate of mycorrhization of roots and a mycorrhizal species richness greater than that of the Aderj site. This is reflected on the state of forest formation that is coming well to Beni Souhane. It would, therefore, be valuable to develop inocula from the endomycorrhizal fungi present in the Thuya rhizosphere and proceed to controlled mycorrhization in nurseries to obtain resistant and vigorous plants.

Please read full article : - www.ikprress.org