Evolution of the Surgical Management of Cauda Equina Syndrome | Asian Journal of Orthopaedic Research

 Cauda equina syndrome arises secondary to lumbosacral nerve root entrapment, mostly a result of lumbar disc herniation. Clinically, it manifests as sciatica, saddle anesthesia, lower limb weakness, and bowel/bladder dysfunction. Surgical management has developed significantly over the past decades. This literature review aims to shed light on surgical interventions for this condition. Results from 22 original articles have been summarized. Most authors advocate for emergency surgical intervention in all cases. Surgery is performed via an open or endoscopic technique. Open surgery involves lumbar discectomy with laminectomy. It can be carried out with a conventional operative microscope. In contrast, endoscopic discectomy utilizes a minimally invasive incision that minimizes blood loss and the duration of hospital stay. Recent radiologic advances including intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy, CT scan and ultrasonography have also markedly improved surgical outcomes for lumbar discectomy.

Please see the link :- https://www.journalajorr.com/index.php/AJORR/article/view/30133

SURVEY ON THE OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR CASSAVA ARTHROPOD PESTS IN SIERRA LEONE | Journal of Biology and Nature

 

In Sierra Leone and Africa as a whole, insect pests constitute the greatest limit to the production of cassava. The objective of the study was to generate up-to-date information on the country's status of cassava insect pests. The aims were to determine, map and determine the prevalence, incidence, magnitude and distribution in the country's major geo-political districts.

During the rainy season survey, a total of 171 cassava farms were visited nationally, while a total of 193 farms were visited during the dry season survey, with an average of 15 farms per district.

Important differences in percentage frequency, severity score and prevalence of the major cassava pests with respect to district, cassava variety and season are shown by the outcome of the survey. In most districts, the percentage incidence and severity scores of the major insect pests were higher in local cassava varieties compared to enhanced varieties. Compared to the rainy season, the population of insect pests measured was typically higher during the dry season. In the southern and eastern parts of the country, the grasshopper population of one of the most dangerous insect pests of cassava was generally higher and more harmful compared to the northern and western areas of the country. As the main insect pests found from the survey will serve as a guide in the training of cassava farmers in the management of these insect pests, which will ultimately lead to an increase in farmers' yield and income, the results of this survey will support cassava farmers.


Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JOBAN/article/view/5253