ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF LYCOPENE AND ITS BASED CHITOSAN NANOFORMULATION-AN In vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Nanotechnology has been emerging as an interdisciplinary field that is undergoing rapid development and has brought enormous changes in dentistry. Lycopene and chitosan is a naturally derived polymer with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Since periodontal diseases occurs as a result of inflammatory process, this vitro study has been done to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of lycopene and its based chitosan nano formulations to incorporate into periodontics.

Materials and Methods: The collection and preparation of lycopene extract was done and stored for further use. Synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles was done with the addition of glacial acetic acid along with Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP). Centrifugation was done and characterisation of chitosan nanoparticles using ultraviolet (UV)-viz-spectroscopy spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan nanoparticles was measured and compared using the standard diclofenac sodium assay.

Results: The anti inflammatory activity of lycopene, chitosan and chitosan-lycopene nanoformulation increased with increase in concentrations. At 30 μL, 40 μL lycopene showed a higher antiinflammatory activity than standard, Chitosan has better anti-inflammatory activities at higher concentrations when compared to standard diclofenac sodium. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of the combination of lycopene and chitosan was lesser than the standard.

Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles have the better antiinflammatory activity when compared with lycopene and lycopene-chitosan nanoformulations. Further formulations of chitosan in various forms such as gel and microspheres can be potentially used for controlled drug delivery in the treatment of periodontitis.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5559

CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF LYCOPENE INCORPORATED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES USING BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY ASSAY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: In the past few years, there has been an increase in periodontal disorder, which can be due to different causes. The treatment modality, however, remains the same, which is to recognise the cause of the disease and remove the cause of the oral cavity to create a safe microenvironment to repair itself to its full ability. The use of nanotechnology has become increasingly common in different dentistry fields.

Aim: The research aims to test the cytotoxic impact of chitosan nanoparticles incorporated with lycopene using a brine shrimp lethality assay.

Materials and Methods: The analysis included the assessment of the ability of lycopene-integrated chitosan nanoparticles ranging from 5 (μl - microlitre) to 50 μl as an emerging dental nanomedicine at different concentrations. A primary level animal test on brine shrimps was performed using the standard brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) method in order to test its cytotoxicity.

Results: The analysis shows that the levels of cytotoxicity (calculated in relation to the BSLA mortality rates) are directly proportional to the nanoparticle concentration used. It was noted that in all concentrations except 50 μl, lycopene has comparatively low cytotoxic levels, chitosan has a high cytotoxic level of more than 5 μl and the nanoparticle compound also has a high cytotoxicity of 5 μl. Another result from the analysis is that as compared to the compound particle, the individual components of the nanoparticles exhibited much less toxicity.

Conclusion: The analysis showed that the nanoparticle compound exhibits minimal toxicity at concentrations below 5 microL, but substantial nanoparticle toxicity occurs at higher concentrations. This provides an insight into the drug's secure dosage calculations. To ensure its protection and clinical applications, further research is required.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5368

PREPARATION OF MOUTHWASH USING LYCOPENE - CHITOSAN NANOCOMPOSITE AND ITS CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES - AN In vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Application of chitosan in dentifrices or mouthwash is limited, several studies have shown that it is extremely effective in destroying bacteria as well as reducing plaque film and gingivitis. Lycopene can function as a potent scavenger of Hypochlorous acid at a wide range of concentration that may span various pathophysiological and supplemental ranges. Therefore combining both using nanotechnology would be beneficial for the exploitation of new generations of antimicrobial agents and for the development of new biomedicine.

Aim: The study aims to prepare lycopene mediated chitosan based mouthwash and to assess its antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects.

Materials and Methods: The study involved the preparation of lycopene mediated chitosan based mouthwash from their extracts. Assessment of cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of mouthwash was done. In order to test its cytotoxicity a primary level animal testing on brine shrimps was conducted using the standard brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) method and agar diffusion method was used to assess its antimicrobial properties.

Results: The study reveals that the mouthwash prepared had better antimicrobial properties while evaluating it by agar diffusion methods and cytotoxicity levels which were calculated in relation to the mortality rates of the BSLA are directly proportional to the concentration of the nanoparticle used. This gives an insight into the safety and drug dosage levels.

Conclusion: The study can be concluded that the lycopene mediated chitosan based mouthwash being studied shows great potential in the field of dentistry. Cytotoxicity levels of the mouthwash exhibits acceptable toxicity at concentrations below 10 μL however at higher concentrations it shows a significant toxicity and also showed better antimicrobial properties as the zone of inhibition (ZOI) increased with the concentration of lycopene mediated chitosan based mouthwash.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5330

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LYCOPENE EXTRACT AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of lycopene extract against oral pathogens.

Materials and Methods: Lycopene extract was prepared and the antimicrobial activity was tested against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans (gram +), and Lactobacillus sp. 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl ( DPPH )radical scavenging assay was used to test antioxidant activity. 2 ml of lycopene extract in the concentration range of 10-50 μl was prepared, Absorbance value was measured spectrophotometrically at 517 nm.  To measure the antioxidant activity the DPPH radical scavenging assay was used. 2 ml of lycopene extract in the concentration range of 10-50 μl was prepared in 50% methanol solution and was added to equal volume of 0.1 mM of DPPH solution. The reaction mixture was incubated for 30 min in dark at room temperature. Absorbance value was measured spectrophotometrically at 517 nm.

Results: From present study we can infer that for antimicrobial activity the zone of inhibition of  lycopene at a concentration of 50 µl was 8 for S. mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida,  at concentration of 100 µl was 9,10 and 8 for S. mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida respectively, at concentration of 150 µl was 13,14 and 9 for S. mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida respectively. The zone inhibition of lycopene was maximum for lactobacillus at concentration of 150 µl.

Conclusion: Lycopene with increase in concentration has increased antioxidant activity but was comparatively less when compared to the standard ascorbic acid. Even Though lycopene didn’t have much antioxidant and antimicrobial activity compared to the standard ascorbic acid and amoxicillin antibiotic, it can be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial drug in periodontics for the treatment of periodontal diseases without any side-effects like the chemical drugs which are used commonly.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5325

In vitro ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AND ITS INCORPORATED LYCOPENE | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Nanotechnology has found its use in several applications including dental diagnosis, materials and therapeutics thus gaining increased popularity in the dental perspectives. Lycopene belongs to the carotenoids that show good pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. Chitosan may be a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer considered safe for human dietary use and approved for wound dressing applications. In the field of dentistry, chitosan has been used for the prevention of tooth decay as it eliminates bacteria and provides bacteriostatic properties. Hence this study aims to identify the in vitro antioxidant activity of chitosan nanoparticles and its incorporated Lycopene.

Materials and Methods: This In vitro study was done at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. The collection and preparation of lycopene extract was done and stored for further use. Synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles was done with the addition of glacial acetic acid along with Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP). Centrifugation was done and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles was done using ultraviolet UV-Viz-spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity of chitosan nanoparticles was measured and compared using the standard ascorbic acid assay.

Results: The results of our study show that the antioxidant activity of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan-lycopene nanocomposite solution has increased activity when compared to the standard ascorbic acid. Hence, these lycopene mediated chitosan nanoparticles have the potential to be used as an effective antioxidant agent.

Conclusion: As the above study showed effective activity of chitosan-lycopene solution, hence it can be used as an effective antioxidant agent for the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Lycopene loaded chitosan nanoparticles may show a great promise for the development of a drug delivery system by enhancing the cellular accumulation of lycopene with chitosan.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5321

ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE INCORPORATED LYCOPENE AGAINST Candida albicans USING MINIMAL INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION ASSAY

 Background: Recent years have witnessed growth in the research and application of nanoparticles and nanotechnoloy. Lycopene is a red coloured pigment found in fruits and vegetables. Chitosan is a straight chain polymer composed of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Both the substances possess antifungal activity. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the antifungal activity of lycopene extract, chitosan nanoparticle and lycopene chitosan nanocomposite.

Materials and Methods: Chitosan nanoparticle incorporated lycopene was prepared and its antifungal activity was tested individually and in combination against Candida albicans using minimum inhibitory concentration assay. Chitosan solution was prepared, centrifugation was done and further characterisation of chitosan nanoparticle was done using Ultaviolet-viz-Spectroscopy. The antifungal activity was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration.

Results:  The present study shows that the antifungal effect of chitosan-lycopene nanocomposite was higher than lycopene extract and chitosan nanoparticle individually. The antifungal activity of lycopene chitosan nanocomposite increased with increase in concentration and time.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5295