ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Lactobacillus SPECIES - AN in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Clove and cinnamon have antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antioxidant properties, and have been used in food for centuries as a savouring agent and antimicrobial content. Lactobacilli are responsible for balancing the microflora and being the primary cause of dental caries. In contrast to prescription medications with side effects, herbal products have not been commonly used in formulations.

The aim of this study was to establish and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles mediated by clove-cinnamon against Lactobacilli.

Materials and Methods: To make nanoparticles, the clove-cinnamon powder was boiled, filtered, and mixed with silver nitrate solution, then centrifuged at 8000 rpm to form pellets. The solutions were applied to the wells of the inoculated agar plate at varying concentrations and incubated. The agar diffusion method was used to calculate the zones of inhibition for each concentration using a scale.

The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles containing clove and cinnamon extracts against Lactobacilli was strongest at the highest concentrations (15 mm). It was discovered to contain more than Amoxicillin (8 mm).

Conclusion: The analysis found that silver nanoparticles mediated by clove and cinnamon extract had strong antimicrobial activity. In order to develop new formulations, further research and clinical trials would be needed in the future.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5617

ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESISED USING CLOVE AND CINNAMON: AN In vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Context: Synthesized from plant sources, selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are eco-friendly, cost-effective and have a wide variety of applications. The anti-inflammatory properties of selenium produced by different sources of herbs have been well studied. Clove and cinnamon have been used to generate Se NPs in this research.

Goal: The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of the use of cloves and cinnamon in selenium nanoparticles.

Materials and methods: 0.5 gm of powdered clove and 0.5 gm of powdered cinnamon were collected and mixed with 100 ml of water. This extract is then boiled at 90 °C in a hot water bath, added 0.80 gm of selenium to this solution and subjected to continuous stirring until the brown suspension forms. The antimicrobial property against Candida albicans was evaluated and centrifuged for 10 minutes.

Results: The peak in UV spectroscopy found at 650 nm indicates the formation of selenium nanoparticles. The study found that, with an improvement in the concentration of cloves and cinnamon, selenium nanoparticles mediated the inhibition zone toward C. Albicans have been elevated. 12 mm at 150 μl was the maximum zone of inhibition collected.

Conclusion: Instead of using traditional anti-inflammatory agents to mitigate their side effects, selenium nanoparticles developed using cloves and cinnamon have strong anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the future as pastes, gels, etc. for topical application.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5396
    

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON FORMULATION MEDIATED SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: A large range of fields, including medicine in particular, have been modernised by the advent of nanoparticles (NPs). By minimising the toxicity and side effects that commercially available drugs may have on patients, nanoparticles have revolutionised targeted drug delivery. In herbal medicine, cloves and cinnamon have long been used for the treatment of a broad range of ailments and diseases. The green synthesis of nanoparticles has been gaining importance because of its simplicity and eco-friendliness.

Goal: The aim of this study was to synthesise selenium nanoparticles mediated by clove and cinnamon formulations and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens.

Materials and Methods: Selenium nanoparticles mediated by clove and cinnamon formulations were synthesised in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of SeNPs was tested using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.

Results: SeNPs mediated by clove-cinnamon extract showed effective antimicrobial activity comparable to that of drugs commercially available.

Conclusion: It can thus be inferred that selenium nanoparticles mediated by clove-cinnamon have the potential to be used as an effective antibiotic. To isolate the component in the extract that makes it effective to be used in large-scale production for targeted drug delivery against a wide range of oral microbial infections, this formulation needs to be further purified.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5350

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CINNAMON - CLOVE MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Streptococcus mutans | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Context: There are protective properties of cinnamon and clove against oral pathogens. Streptococcus mutans is responsible for the creation of cavities. Synthetic drugs were used to the full and the scientific area in terms of medicine was taken over by newer nanoparticles. As they appear to have little or no side effect on human health, herbal extracts contained abundantly need to be used more.

Aim: This research was conducted to test the antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans of Cinnamon-Clove mediated Silver nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods: We procured herbal powders. After maximum activity was noted by UV spectroscopy, an aqueous extract was prepared and centrifugated. The inoculated culture plates were added to different volumes of the Silver nanoparticles containing Cinnamon and Clove combinations. The inhibition zones were measured using the technique of disc diffusion.

Results: Cinnamon-Clove mediated Silver nanoparticles had the highest amount of good antibacterial activity (10 mm inhibition zone) and this property was greater than that of widely used antibiotics (Amoxicillin-8 mm).

Conclusion: Cinnamon and Clove mediated Silver nanoparticles were examined and good antibacterial efficacy was indicated by their wider inhibition zones and this property was shown to be similar to an antibiotic. This new formulation for use against oral pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, which is positively correlated with dental caries and periodontal disorders, can be integrated into mouthwashes and probiotic lozenges.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5348

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES (SeNPs) USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Nanoparticles are being used to lower the toxicity and side effects that drugs may be imposed on the patient. Clove is one of the greatest valuable spices that have been used for centuries as food preservative and for many medicinal uses. This plant represents richest sources of phenolic compounds such as eugenol, eugenol acetate and gallic acid and possess great potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural applications. Cinnamon is one of the most important spices used daily by people all over the world. Cinnamon primarily contains vital oils and other derivatives, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and cinnamate.

Aim: To synthesize and characterize cinnamon and clove mediated selenium nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods: The selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized using clove and cinnamon extract and characterization was done by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).

Results: The results confirmed that the synthesized clove and cinnamon mediated nanoparticle was eco-friendly and non-toxic. The peak value has been centered at 355 nm, which has been mainly associated with absorbance of SeNPs. The TEM analysis images confirmed the formation of SeNPs by the leaf extract and clearly showed that they were mostly spherical and square in shape and the particles size was ranging from 40 to 90 nm.

Conclusion: In this study, a simple, biological and low-cost approach was done for the preparation of selenium nanoparticles using cinnamon and clove extract. Thus clove and cinnamon mediated selenium nanoparticles can be subjected to the various other biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic evaluation to know the efficiency of these nanoparticles.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5344

PREPARATION OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES USING HERBAL FORMULATION AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY: AN in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Compared to different organic and inorganic sources of selenium compounds, selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) have excellent biocompatibility, bioefficacy, and low toxicity. Se NPs also show positive therapeutic efficacy against various conditions driven by oxidative stress and inflammation.

Goal: The aim of the study was to check the antioxidant activity of the herbal formulations of cloves and cinnamon.

Materials and methods: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) were powdered and weighed with 5 grammes of powdered cloves and 5 grammes of powdered cinnamon and blended with 100 ml of distilled water. There was a prepared aqueous extract. The extract was then tested using the DPPH assay for antioxidant activity.

Results: Clove and cinnamon extract aqua alcoholic extract showed the highest absorption at a concentration of 10 μl (42.5 percent) when subjected to a DPPH assay to verify its antioxidant function at a wavelength of 355 nm.

Conclusion: It can be inferred that selenium nanoparticles mediated by cloves and cinnamon have the potential to be used as an efficient antioxidant. It can also be employed in large-scale manufacturing and used in many medicinal applications.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5338

In vitro CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF ZIRCONIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLE AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Introduction: From last decay nanotechnology is playing advance in various fields in the research field. Nanoparticles are the most required scientific tool that acts as a bridge between atomic or molecular or atomic structure with bulk material. They have unique      properties like magnetic, optical and excellent in catalytic. In this study we are going to see the In vitro cytotoxic effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticle and its antibacterial activity against oral pathogens.

Materials and Methods: Zirconium oxide nanoparticles are synthesized by taking Azadirachta indica and aloe vera plant extract and nanoparticle powder is prepared. And then in vitro cytotoxic effect is done by using brine shrimp lethal assay.And then antibacterial activity test is done against the oral pathogens.

Results: Zirconium oxide nanoparticles are toxic if the concentration is increased but in lower concentrations the function is best. The action against the oral pathogens. In small concentrations S. aureus showed an 8mm zone of inhibition when the concentration increased S. mutans showed 11mm zone of inhibition.

Conclusion: The zirconium oxide nanoparticles can be used as antibacterial agents against the oral pathogens in small quantities. Thus in future nanoparticles are going to role the developing countries in various fields of medicine.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5319

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CINNAMON - CLOVE MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Candida albicans | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Human infections caused by Candida albicans range from common oral thrush to fatal systemic superinfections in patients who are afflicted with other diseases. The antifungal actions of silver nanoparticles have been broadly investigated in comparison with other metals. Clove and cinnamon are recognised for their antimicrobial properties.

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the antifungal activity of cinnamon-clove mediated silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans.

Materials and Methods: The herbal powders were procured. An aqueous extract was prepared and centrifuged after maximum activity was noted by UV visible spectroscopy. Various concentrations of the silver nanoparticles containing cinnamon and clove combinations were added into the inoculated culture plates. The zones of inhibition were calculated by disk diffusion method.

Results: Cinnamon-clove mediated silver nanoparticles have good antifungal activity (10 mm-zone of inhibition) in their highest concentration.

Conclusion: Cinnamon and clove mediated silver nanoparticles were studied and their wider zones of inhibition were suggestive of good antifungal efficiency but not as good as the control. This new formulation can be incorporated into natural mouthwashes and probiotic lozenges for use against oral pathogens like Candida albicans, which is positively associated with oral thrush.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5318

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON HERBAL FORMULATION: AN in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Antibiotic resistance is a rising problem that needs attention which is of global concern. The main reason behind the prevalence of such situations is the haphazard use of the antimicrobial drugs that are overused throughout therapeutic treatment of infection. Additionally, the issues associated with modern- day chemotherapeutics can have a wide range of adverse effects from allergy to immunosuppression.

Aim: To assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of clove and cinnamon herbal formulation.

Materials and Methods: Clove and cinnamon were dried and powdered, the powdered clove and cinnamon were then mixed with water and ethanol. The aqua alcoholic extract thus obtained was then subjected to DPPH assay to analyze its antioxidant effect and was loaded in the agar wells made on Muller Hinton agar so as to assess its antimicrobial activity by using well diffusion method, against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus aureus and the zone of inhibition was noted.

Results: The aqua alcoholic extract of clove and cinnamon extract showed highest absorbance at a concentration of 50 μl (132.3%) when subjected to inhibition of albumin denaturation assay to check for its antimicrobial activity at a wavelength of 660 nm. The zone of inhibition for the prepared extract against Streptococcus mutans at the concentrations 50, 100 and 150 μl was found to be 15 mm, 22 mm and 20.6 mm respectively. Similarly for Lactobacillus, the zone of inhibition was found to be 13 mm, 19 mm and 21.4 mm. For streptococcus aureus, the zones of inhibition values were 17 mm, 21.2 mm and 21 mm respectively.

Conclusion: In the present study it was found that the clove and cinnamon extract had potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5301

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON MEDIATED SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES: AN In vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Cinnamon and clove are both natural preservative and flavoring substances that are not harmful when consumed in food products. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are the         nanoscale metal structures. SeNPs have exhibited great antimicrobial activities against fungi and bacteria.

Aim: To determine the antifungal activity of clove and cinnamon mediated selenium nanoparticles against Candida albicans.

Materials and Methods: The clove and cinnamon powder was procured. An aqueous extract was prepared and mixed with sodium selenide precursor for selenium nanoparticle formation and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes. The extract was then placed in the well cultured agar plates against Candida albicans and incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. The zones of inhibition were calculated by disk diffusion method.

Results: Cinnamon and clove mediated selenium nanoparticles have good antifungal activity with the zone of inhibition of 35 mm at the highest concentration (150 µl). Whereas, the control Amphotericin B showed a zone of inhibition of 34 mm.

Conclusion: Cinnamon and clove mediated selenium nanoparticles were studied and their wider zones of inhibition were suggestive of good antifungal efficiency.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5289