ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF GRAPE SEED EXTRACT MEDIATED TITANIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Candida albicans: AN In vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: In today’s age, the incidence of local and systemic fungal diseases has increased due to a rise of new and fatal immunodeficiency diseases as well as immune-suppressive therapy due to which there is a heightened increase in the use of antifungal drugs which have significant side effects. Nanotechnology is rapidly growing in various fields of science.

Aim: To determine the antifungal activity of grape seed-mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans.

Materials and Methods: The collected grape seeds were powdered and stored in an airtight container. 1 g of grape seed extract was mixed with 100 ml of distilled water and was boiled for 15 minutes. The solution was filtered, to which 20 ml of distilled water was added. To this solution 0.862 g of titanium dioxide was added and was subjected to constant stirring until the formation of white suspension. This was centrifuged for 10 minutes and the antifungal property against Candida albicans was assessed.

Results: The peak found at 650 nm in the UV spectroscopy indicates the formation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. From the study it was found that with the increase in the concentration of the grape seed mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles, the zone of inhibition against C. albicans was increased. The highest zone of inhibition obtained was 12 mm at 150 microliters.

Conclusion: The antifungal activity of grape seed mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles was studied and their wider zones of inhibition were suggestive of good antifungal activity.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5379

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Syzygium aromaticum AND Cinnamomum verum FORMULATION MEDIATED SILVER NANO PARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Syzygium aromaticum L. is one of the most valuable spices that has been used for centuries as food preservative and for many medicinal purposes. Cinnamomum verum L. contains procyanidins and catechins. These procyanidins possess antioxidant activities. Antioxidants are the first line defense against free radical damage.​Silver nanoparticles have also been assessed for their catalytic property, various optical properties, antibacterial and magnetic properties.

Aim:​To assess the antioxidant activity of Syzygium aromaticum L. and Cinnamomum verum L. formulation mediated silver nanoparticles

Materials and Methods: Syzygium aromaticum L. and Cinnamomum verum L. were powdered. 5 mg of powdered Syzygium aromaticum L. and 5 mg of powdered Cinnamomum verum L. were weighed and mixed with 100 ml distilled water.  Aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum L. and Cinnamomum verum L. was prepared and silver nanoparticles which were synthesized by the green synthesis method were added, the antioxidant effect was calculated using the DPPH assay.

Results: The aqua alcoholic extract of Syzygium aromaticum L. and Cinnamomum verum L. extract showed highest absorbance at a concentration of 50 μl (79.6%) when subjected to inhibition of DPPH assay to check for its anti inflammatory activity at a wavelength of 517 nm. The cytotoxicity of the extract was lowest at 10 μl.

Conclusion: The data demonstrate that extract of Syzygium aromaticum L. and Cinnamomum verum L. formulation mediated silver nanoparticles possess an antioxidant effect that increases with the increase in concentration. This stresses on the importance of validating the use of traditional medicinal spices in combination with the modern medicine in therapy.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5353

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES (SeNPs) USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Nanoparticles are being used to lower the toxicity and side effects that drugs may be imposed on the patient. Clove is one of the greatest valuable spices that have been used for centuries as food preservative and for many medicinal uses. This plant represents richest sources of phenolic compounds such as eugenol, eugenol acetate and gallic acid and possess great potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural applications. Cinnamon is one of the most important spices used daily by people all over the world. Cinnamon primarily contains vital oils and other derivatives, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and cinnamate.

Aim: To synthesize and characterize cinnamon and clove mediated selenium nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods: The selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized using clove and cinnamon extract and characterization was done by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).

Results: The results confirmed that the synthesized clove and cinnamon mediated nanoparticle was eco-friendly and non-toxic. The peak value has been centered at 355 nm, which has been mainly associated with absorbance of SeNPs. The TEM analysis images confirmed the formation of SeNPs by the leaf extract and clearly showed that they were mostly spherical and square in shape and the particles size was ranging from 40 to 90 nm.

Conclusion: In this study, a simple, biological and low-cost approach was done for the preparation of selenium nanoparticles using cinnamon and clove extract. Thus clove and cinnamon mediated selenium nanoparticles can be subjected to the various other biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic evaluation to know the efficiency of these nanoparticles.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5344

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESISED USING GRAPE SEED EXTRACT: AN in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) synthesized from plant sources are eco-friendly, cost effective and have a wide range of applications. The anti-inflammatory property of titanium dioxide produced by various herbal sources has well been studied. Grape seeds have been used in this study to produce TiO2 NPs due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cholesterol properties.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesised using grape seed extract.

Materials and Methods: Preparation of grape seed extract, synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using grape seed extract in Lark refrigerated centrifuge, preparation of nanoparticles powder, characterisation using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and study of anti-inflammatory activity using Bovine serum albumin using Diclofenac sodium as control.

Results: The peak found in spectroscopy indicated the formation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The anti-inflammatory action of grape seed mediated TiO2 NPs increases with an increase in the concentration from 10 μl, 20 μl, 30 μl, 40 μl to 50 μl.

Conclusion: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles produced using grape seed extract have good anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the future as pastes, gels etc. for topical application instead of using conventional anti-inflammatory agents to minimize their side effects.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5290