EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF HERBAL MOUTHWASH USING CRANBERRY EXTRACT: A PILOT STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Dental plaque-induced oral diseases continue to affect the majority of the world's population. Among them, the single most common and preventable oral infectious disease is dental caries. As fresh fruit, juice, and even as medicine, cranberry is used. It has activities that are antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In various systemic infections, it is also known to cause bacterial adhesion. It is less popular for its dental application, however. There is, therefore, a need to determine its effect on oral infections.

Aim: The objective of the study was to test the antimicrobial property of herbal mouthwash using cranberry extract.

Materials and Methods: This unique research was performed at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, as a single blinded, parallel group clinical trial. It consisted of a total of 10 subjects randomly divided into groups with a fair gingival index (aged 18-22 years) and given 5 ml of chlorhexidine mouthwash and cranberry mouthwash twice daily to Group A (n=5) and Group B (n=5) for 7 days each. At baseline, plaque samples were obtained and the microbial count was measured after 7 days of using mouthwash.

Results and Discussion: This research indicates that the microbial count has decreased substantially before and after the use of cranberry mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the baseline mean amount of CFU/ml and the chlorhexidine and cranberry groups after 7 days. For the cranberry group, the mean reduction was 52 percent, while the mean reduction after use was 53 percent in the chlorhexidine group.

Conclusion: This analysis revealed that there was a substantial decrease in the microbial count in both classes. Therefore, in order to improve oral health, herbal products such as cranberry have been shown to be more effective or similar alternatives to chlorhexidine, with added benefits and minimal side effects.

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ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF JUNIPER BERRY OIL MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Aim: To evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Juniper berry oil mediated silver nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods: Silver nanoparticle was prepared using Juniper berry oil mediated and confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The Juniper berry oil mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were subjected to diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to determine the antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized juniper oil mediated silver nanoparticle against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans was tested by well diffusion technique by standard procedure.

Result: The UV -Visible spectroscopy showed a peak at 440nm showing the formation of silver nanoparticles. The Juniper berry oil mediated silver nanoparticles showed a dose dependent increase in antioxidant activity up to 30 μL and after that the increase in concentration did not show any further increase in the antioxidant activity. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans showed good zone of inhibition compared to Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus did not show any dose dependent activity.

Conclusion: Juniper berry oil mediated silver nanoparticles showed good antioxidant activity. It showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans compared to the standard antibiotic. The nanoparticle also showed good activity against Candida albicans .Hence, the study conclude that Juniper berry oil mediated silver nanoparticles may be utilized for its antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity.

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GRAPE SEED AQUA ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT PREPARATION AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECT - AN in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Oral disorders, such as dental caries, periodontitis and oral mucosal lesions, are considered to be the most prevalent public health issues worldwide and have a highly important impact on overall health and quality of life.

Objective: To prepare a grape seed aqua-alcoholic extract and analyse its antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic impact.

Materials and Methods: Red grape seeds were dried and powdered, and water and ethanol were combined with the powdered grape seeds. The aqua alcoholic extract thus obtained was then subjected to a DPPH assay to analyse its antioxidant effect and was loaded into the agar wells developed on Muller Hinton agar in order to test its antimicrobial activity using a well diffusion process. The zone of inhibition was noted against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida albicans. By using brined shrimp nauplii, the extract was then tested for cytotoxicity.

Results and Discussion: When subjected to a DPPH assay to search for its antioxidant activity at a wavelength of 517 nm, the aqua alcoholic grape seed extract displayed the highest absorbance at a concentration of 50 μl (90.9 percent). The inhibition zone for the prepared extract against Streptococcus mutans was found to be 24 mm, 30 mm and 40 mm at concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 μl, respectively. Similarly, the region of inhibition was found to be 6 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm for Lactobacillus. The zone inhibition values for Candida albicans were 6 mm, 8 mm and 14 mm, respectively. At 10 μl, the cytotoxicity of the extract was the lowest.

Conclusion: The prepared grape seed extract has proven to be an effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agent and can therefore be used for medical applications. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the extract can be integrated into biomedical applications, thereby concluding that the extract of grape seed can be a groundbreaking step towards the transition to greener medicine.

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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF (2-[2-CHLOROBENZYLIDENE]) HYDRAZINE CARBOTHIOAMIDE AND THEIR ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

The significance of thiosemicarbazone and their complexes, apart from their diverse chemical and structural characteristics, stems from not only their potential but also their proved application as biologically active particles. The full application and structural diversity of complexes of thiosemicarbazone prompted us to synthesize the tridentate NNO- donor thiosemicarbazones and their complexes. Due to good chelating ability, the present work is mainly concerned with the studies on complexes of 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde, Thiosemicarbazones. By emphasizing this point the objectives of the present work are as follows: synthesis of the 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (2-[(2-Chlorobenzylidene)]) Hydrazine carbothioamide. The composition of 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde was determined by the spectral analysis. For the characterization of this compound by 1HNMR and IR spectral studies. The complexes of 2-chloro benzaldehyde were characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and UV spectral studies. The 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, have been screened against Bacteria (a) gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (Saureus), (b) gram negative Ecoli and fungi Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans by the agar disc diffusion method. Therefore antimicrobial activities are analyzed in this work specifically for 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone crystal. This crystal was grown by solution growth technique and analyzed analytically.

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