CONTROLLING OF Streptococcus mutans AND Lactobacillus IN In-vitro USING HERBAL FORMULATION OF Ocimum sanctum AND Justicia adhatoda MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Introduction: Nanomedicine has enormous potential for improving human disease diagnosis and treatment. The use of microbes in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a process that is environmentally friendly. Nanoparticles come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including gold, silver, alloys, and magnetic particles. The antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles are well known.

Tulsi leaves can be used to treat a variety of oral infections. This plant contains pyrochemical agents such as carvacrol and terpene. Justicia adathoda, also known as ‘Vasaka,' is an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-oxidant with minimal cytotoxic and anti-oxidant properties.

Aim: To use herbal formulations of Justicia adhatoda and Ocimum santum mediated Silver Nanoparticles to control the activity of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in vitro.

1. To test the antibacterial activity of biosynthesised Ag nanoparticles with Adhatoda and tulsi.

2.To facilitate the biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles mediated by Justicia adhatoda and Ocimum santum over other artificially and chemically formed AgNps.

Materials and Methods: Dried leaf extracts of Tulasi and Justicia adhatoda were used as reducing agents in the synthesis of cost-effective and environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles, which were then tested against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. The activity of silver nanoparticles was monitored using UV-Visible spectroscopy, and the activity revealed significant inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.

Conclusion and Findings: The highest concentration of the extract, 150 l, was found to have the greatest zone of inhibition against both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. As a result, the extract was discovered to have potent antimicrobial properties. Between the wavelengths of 400 nm and 450 nm, the peak was highest. In the current study, AgNPs made from a combination of the herbs Justicia adhatoda and Ocimum santum showed significant antibacterial activity due to their potent inhibitory action against bacterial colonies.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5561

ANTI INFLAMMATORY AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON HERBAL FORMULATION | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Inflammation, such as dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis and oral mucosal lesions, is the main finding in oral diseases. In order to reduce inflammation, it is important to invent new topical agents. In the pharmaceutical industry, plant extracts are commonly used since they are naturally available and have less side effects.

Goal: The aim of this study is to test the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of herbal formulations of cloves and cinnamon.

Materials and Methods: Ground cloves and cinnamon. 5 grammes of clove powder and 5 grammes of cinnamon powder were weighed and mixed with 100 ml of distilled water. The clove and cinnamon aqueous extract was prepared. By using brined shrimp nauplii, the extract was then tested for cytotoxicity. Bovine Serum Albumin has been used to detect the extract's anti-inflammatory function.

Results: The aqueous clove extract and cinnamon extract displayed the highest absorption at a concentration of 50 μl (90.3%) when the albumin denaturation assay was inhibited to verify its anti-inflammatory activity at a wavelength of 660 nm. At 10 μl, the cytotoxicity of the extract was the lowest.

Conclusion: The prepared clove and cinnamon extract has proven to be a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agent and can therefore be used in medical applications. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the extract can be integrated into biomedical applications, thereby concluding that clove and cinnamon extract can be a groundbreaking step in the transition to greener medicine.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5341

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON HERBAL FORMULATION: AN in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Antibiotic resistance is a rising problem that needs attention which is of global concern. The main reason behind the prevalence of such situations is the haphazard use of the antimicrobial drugs that are overused throughout therapeutic treatment of infection. Additionally, the issues associated with modern- day chemotherapeutics can have a wide range of adverse effects from allergy to immunosuppression.

Aim: To assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of clove and cinnamon herbal formulation.

Materials and Methods: Clove and cinnamon were dried and powdered, the powdered clove and cinnamon were then mixed with water and ethanol. The aqua alcoholic extract thus obtained was then subjected to DPPH assay to analyze its antioxidant effect and was loaded in the agar wells made on Muller Hinton agar so as to assess its antimicrobial activity by using well diffusion method, against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus aureus and the zone of inhibition was noted.

Results: The aqua alcoholic extract of clove and cinnamon extract showed highest absorbance at a concentration of 50 μl (132.3%) when subjected to inhibition of albumin denaturation assay to check for its antimicrobial activity at a wavelength of 660 nm. The zone of inhibition for the prepared extract against Streptococcus mutans at the concentrations 50, 100 and 150 μl was found to be 15 mm, 22 mm and 20.6 mm respectively. Similarly for Lactobacillus, the zone of inhibition was found to be 13 mm, 19 mm and 21.4 mm. For streptococcus aureus, the zones of inhibition values were 17 mm, 21.2 mm and 21 mm respectively.

Conclusion: In the present study it was found that the clove and cinnamon extract had potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5301