ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Acalypha indica MEDIATED SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Nanoparticles are a fascinating field because they cross the gap between bulk materials and atomic structures. Nanoparticles may be made from a number of materials, including proteins, polysaccharides, and synthetic polymers, and the materials used are determined by the nanoparticle size, biocompatibility, and toxicity. Selenium nanoparticles have gotten a lot of attention because of their beneficial properties and bioactivities, such as lower toxicity than inorganic and organic forms, and they've become a popular option in nanoparticle research. Acalypha indica is a tropical annual herb with erect, sometimes simple-stemmed stems that has been recognised by locals as a valuable source of medicine for a range of therapeutic treatments. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cancer-fighting properties. Selenium nanoparticles, on the other hand, were appealing due to their properties.

Aim: To see whether selenium nanoparticles produced by A. indica have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Methodology: Antioxidant Profile by DPPH activity and Well diffusion method for antimicrobial activity were performed after the preparation of A.indica mediated Selenium nanoparticles.

A. indica mediated the results. Se nanoparticles have strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Conclusion: At high concentrations, Acalypha indica-mediated selenium nanoparticles have strong antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Please see the link:- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5608

GREEN SYNTHESIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF Adathoda vasica MEDIATED COPPER NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Introduction: Adhathoda vasica is a native plant that has a wide variety of disease-fighting properties. Copper nanoparticles have a number of advantages, including a high yield reaction. The combination of these two magnificent materials has the potential to improve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function. The main aim of this research is to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the A. vasica plant extract using copper nanoparticles. Both have a unique property that, due to its supra additive effect, can produce an even more successful result.

Aim: To establish the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Copper nanoparticles mediated by A.vasica.

Materials and Methods: Adhatoda vasica is used to make copper nanoparticles. Following the synthesis, centrifugation was carried out for a few minutes. Following the process, the pellets were separated and chosen separately. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of copper nanoparticles mediated by A. vasica nanoparticles was then assessed using this method. A UV spectrophotometer was used to test anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

The copper nanoparticles mediated by A. vasica have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Copper nanoparticles have a powerful catalytic capacity that can be used to treat inflammation. This plant extract is also used to treat chronic colds and coughs. The aim of this study was to find a better combination of copper nanoparticles regulated by A. vasica that would express its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions while also preventing disease.

Conclusion: This study found that copper nanoparticles mediated by A. vasica have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at high concentrations close to those found in standard drugs.

Please see the link:- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5606

EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF FRUIT MEDIATED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The aim of this research is to make zinc oxide nanoparticles from Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum, measure their antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and see how toxic they are.

Introduction: Zinc oxide nanoparticles are commonly used in medicine and science due to their inherent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their low toxicity. The green synthesis of these nanoparticles is favoured because it is simple, relatively repeatable, cost-effective, and produces more stable, non-toxic materials.

Materials and Methods: Green zinc oxide nanoparticles were made from aqueous fruit extracts of P. granatum and E. cardamomum. UV spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were then used to determine the properties of nanoparticles. The agar well diffusion method was used to assess antifungal activity, and the brine shrimp lethality assay was used to assess cytotoxicity.

P. granatum and E. cardamomum extracts allowed the synthesis of stable zinc oxide nanoparticles, according to the findings. The nanoparticles thus produced were also found to have strong antifungal properties, with a zone of inhibition of 12mm for 50L, 22mm for 100L, and 24mm for 150L. In a lethality assay, 80 percent of live shrimp larvae were found in a nanoparticle concentration of 20-30 L. The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles, on the other hand, needs to be investigated further. They may be integrated into various products in the future, such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and mouth paint, to promote their effect.

Please see the link:- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5582

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES USING TURMERIC-TULSI EXTRACT AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The eco-friendly and cost-effective green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using plant extracts and enzymes does not require high pressure, energy, temperature, or other toxic chemicals. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an emerging field of research that is preferred over physical or chemical methods because it is more cost-effective, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. Copper nanoparticles were synthesised with turmeric-tulsi extract and characterised using UV-visible spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy in this study (TEM). Traditional medicinal plants like turmeric and tulsi are high in beneficial phytocompounds that can help nanoparticles form. The stability of copper nanoparticles synthesised from these extracts was investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. The morphology of the synthesised copper nanoparticles was determined using TEM. This is a novel study in which copper nanoparticles were easily synthesised in an environmentally friendly way using turmeric-tulsi extract, and it could be of critical significance in the rapidly evolving world of medical diagnosis and treatment.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5580

GREEN PREPARATION OF NANO COPPER (Cu) WITH NANO GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO) NANO COMPOSITE CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST ORAL AEROBIC PATHOGENS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Because it does not use any harmful agents, green nanoparticle synthesis is a cost-effective and safe method of synthesis. Copper is known for its antibacterial properties, and graphene oxide is known for its barrier and structural strength, so these materials were selected to make a nanocomposite.

The study's goal was to combine green nano copper preparation and characterization with nano graphene oxide nanocomposite characterization and antimicrobial activity.

Materials and Methods: This is an in vitro experiment. A green preparation technique was used to create the nanocomposite. Copper and graphene oxide nano-composite were made using extract from the amla fruit. A TEM scan and UV-Visible spectrometric analysis were used to characterise the prepared copper and graphene oxide nanocomposite. The antimicrobial activity was tested against the microorganisms that are most commonly found in the mouth. For the antimicrobial evaluation of nanocomposite, inhibition zones were measured for Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans at different concentrations.

At a concentration of 150 L, the nanocomposite demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against three oral aerobic microbes.

Conclusion: Within the scope of the study, copper and graphene oxide nanocomposite has promising antibacterial properties, but more cytotoxicity studies are needed before the composite can be incorporated into dental materials.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5550

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF LODHRA BARK (Symphlocus racemosa) MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Aim: The absolute objective of the analysis is to discover the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles mediated by Lodhra bark against oral pathogens.

Materials and Methods: The plant extract, which is used to synthesise nanoparticles, is collected and dried and powdered and mixed with water. Using the agar well diffusion process, synthesised nanoparticles were tested for their antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens.

Results and Discussion: Antibacterial and antifungal operation of oral pathogens is carried out from synthesised nanoparticles and the inhibition zone is shown.

Conclusion: Lactobacillus sp and Candida albicans are affected by silver nanoparticles.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5378

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING Maranta arundinacea AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Introduction: Nanoparticles are a special category of materials with particular characteristics and in many fields have broad applications. Arrowroot is a starch that is derived from many tropical plant rhizomes, usually Maranta arundinacea, and also contains strong medicinal and antimicrobial properties. Hence, Maranta arundinacea synthesis ZnO nanoparticles are the field of focus here.

Materials and Methods: Arrow root extract preparation: Fresh arrowroot powder has been obtained from the market. One gramme of arrow root powder extract that has been freshly collected is mixed with 100 ml of water and boiled for three to five minutes. Using filter paper, this mixture is filtered.

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: In 50ml of distilled water, 0.861g of Zinc Sulphate is applied. An extract of this arrow root has been added. The solution was combined with plant extract and the ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using it.

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity: antibacterial and antimicrobial activity The green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles has been evaluated against oral pathogens S.mutans, Lactobacillus, C. Albicans. Albicans.

Observation: The inhibition zone for zinc oxide nanoparticles was observed and it was calculated that the antifungal activity of the zinc oxide nanoparticles against Candida albicans was large. The nanoparticles of zinc oxide have also been found to provide greater antibacterial activity than the typical drug used.

Results: As a consequence, it is clear that nanoparticles of zinc oxide had greater antimicrobial activity and this is preferred for the next generation to be used as the drug of preference.

Goal: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Maranta arundinacea-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles.


Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5372

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON FORMULATION MEDIATED SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: A large range of fields, including medicine in particular, have been modernised by the advent of nanoparticles (NPs). By minimising the toxicity and side effects that commercially available drugs may have on patients, nanoparticles have revolutionised targeted drug delivery. In herbal medicine, cloves and cinnamon have long been used for the treatment of a broad range of ailments and diseases. The green synthesis of nanoparticles has been gaining importance because of its simplicity and eco-friendliness.

Goal: The aim of this study was to synthesise selenium nanoparticles mediated by clove and cinnamon formulations and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens.

Materials and Methods: Selenium nanoparticles mediated by clove and cinnamon formulations were synthesised in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of SeNPs was tested using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.

Results: SeNPs mediated by clove-cinnamon extract showed effective antimicrobial activity comparable to that of drugs commercially available.

Conclusion: It can thus be inferred that selenium nanoparticles mediated by clove-cinnamon have the potential to be used as an effective antibiotic. To isolate the component in the extract that makes it effective to be used in large-scale production for targeted drug delivery against a wide range of oral microbial infections, this formulation needs to be further purified.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5350

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES (SeNPs) USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CLOVE AND CINNAMON | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Nanoparticles are being used to lower the toxicity and side effects that drugs may be imposed on the patient. Clove is one of the greatest valuable spices that have been used for centuries as food preservative and for many medicinal uses. This plant represents richest sources of phenolic compounds such as eugenol, eugenol acetate and gallic acid and possess great potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural applications. Cinnamon is one of the most important spices used daily by people all over the world. Cinnamon primarily contains vital oils and other derivatives, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and cinnamate.

Aim: To synthesize and characterize cinnamon and clove mediated selenium nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods: The selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized using clove and cinnamon extract and characterization was done by UV-Visible Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).

Results: The results confirmed that the synthesized clove and cinnamon mediated nanoparticle was eco-friendly and non-toxic. The peak value has been centered at 355 nm, which has been mainly associated with absorbance of SeNPs. The TEM analysis images confirmed the formation of SeNPs by the leaf extract and clearly showed that they were mostly spherical and square in shape and the particles size was ranging from 40 to 90 nm.

Conclusion: In this study, a simple, biological and low-cost approach was done for the preparation of selenium nanoparticles using cinnamon and clove extract. Thus clove and cinnamon mediated selenium nanoparticles can be subjected to the various other biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic evaluation to know the efficiency of these nanoparticles.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5344

HING OIL MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES, CHARACTERISATION AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Aim: To prepare silver nanoparticles from hing oil and to test their antimicrobial activity was the objective of the research.

Materials and Methods: In a conical flask 0.5 mL of hing oil was mixed with 99.5 mL of distilled water. To this, 0.0169 grams of silver nitrate was added and kept in an orbital shaker for the formation of nanoparticle. The colour change was noted visually and the absorbance was noted using UV -Vis spectroscopy. The final product was centrifuged and NPs were collected. The morphology was studied using TEM. The hing oil mediated silver nanoparticles were evaluated for its antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method using standard procedure. The antimicrobial activity was tested against S. aureus, S. mutans and Lactobacillus and Candida albicans.

Results and Discussion: The formation of silver nanoparticles at a peak of 420 nm was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Spherical and rod-shaped nanoparticles with a size ranging from 10-55 nm were shown by TEM. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the silver nanoparticles induced by the hing oil was comparable. With an increase in concentration, there was no difference in the inhibition region.

Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles mediated by Hing Oil may be a safer option for infections caused by bacteria like S. aureus, S. Although the zone of inhibition shown was similar in the different concentrations used in the analysis, mutans and Lactobacillus and fungi such as Candida albicans were similar. However, for their further pharmacological function, hing oil mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticle was successful and can be further explored. For its other biomedical uses, Hing oil mediated silver nanoparticles can be assessed.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5342

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Phyllanthus niruri MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Aim: The aim of study is to evaluate the characterization and anti-fungal property of Phyllanthus niruri mediated silver nanoparticle

Introduction: Phyllanthus niruri is a tropical plant discovered in coastal areas also called as gale of the wind, stonebreaker or seed-under-leaf. The plant is of therapeutic significance for various illness like, influenza, vaginal inflammation, cancer, diabetes mellitus, diuretics, icterus, nephrolithiasis, indigestion. Green synthesis of nanoparticles denotes an improvement over other techniques  because it is manageable, profitable, and fairly reproducible, and often results in more stable materials.Nanotechnology produced substances of various types at nanoscale level. ZnO NPs can proceed as smart weapons against multiple drug-resistant microorganisms and as an alternative for antibiotics.

Materials and Methods: Preparation of Phyllanthus niruri mediated silver nanoparticles was followed by antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH activity and antimicrobial activity. 

Results: The study shows that Phyllanthus niruri have great potential as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of all the extracts of Ph. niruri revealed very high potency. The standard solution used showed 85% of inhibition.

Conclusion: The antibacterial and antifungal effect of Phyllanthus niruri mediated AgNP which were evaluated against the pathogen lactobacillus, S. mutans, C. albicans showed a significant activity. Anti oxidant activity by inhibition of the DPPH radical in vitro showed that the Phyllanthus niruri AgNP was equally potent compared to Standard Ascorbic acid. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of all the extracts of Ph. niruri revealed very high potency. The standard solution used showed 85% of inhibition to the acid radical.ZnO NPs can proceed as smart weapons against multiple drug-resistant microorganisms and as an alternative for antibiotics.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5335
    

ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF Adhatoda vasica MEDIATED COPPER NANO PARTICLE | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of Adhatoda vasica mediated copper nanoparticles.

Introduction: Conventional medical drugs have specific targets, but typically also cause significant side effects. Throughout Ayurveda, the conventional form of Indian medicine is commonly referred to as vasaca, which may be a well-known herb in the indigenous drug system. It acts as a sedative, expectorant, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, bronchial antiseptic and bronchodilator.

Materials and Methods: Copper nanoparticles were synthesised separately and then mixed in equal proportion with the prepared plant extract. Centrifugation was done and the pellets were collected separately after the process for further testing. Microorganisms such as S. mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida albicans were chosen and cultured in respective culture media. The Copper Nanoparticles synthesised is introduced into cultured petri plates to observe the changes. For calculating the cytotoxic activity, dividing the estimated number of dead nauplii to the total number and the proportion of motility was calculated.

Results: The zone of inhibition was found to be increasing in both bacterial and fungal species as the concentration of A. vasica CuNP increases. Therefore, A. vasica CuNP was shown to have more effective antimicrobial activity than the standard antibiotics. The cytotoxic effect of A. vasica CuNP shows that as the concentration increases there is a significant increase in the percentage of lethality.

Conclusion: As a result, Adhatoda vasica mediated CuNP expresses good antimicrobial activity and it tends to have a potent cytotoxic activity. Hence this can be taken for further evaluation.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5331

SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING Andrographis paniculata AND Phyllanthus niruri FORMULATION AND ITS ORAL PATHOGEN CONTROL | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Aim: To synthesize silver nanoparticles using Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus niruri formation and its oral pathogen control.

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles are recognized more and more these days because of its wide range of application in all fields of study. Silver nanoparticles are synthesized using the plants Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus niruri which were used for traditional medicine in olden days. In this study we are synthesizing silver nanoparticles using green synthesis and finding its effects against oral pathogens.

Materials and Methods: 1. Collection of Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus niruri.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using an herbal formulation using Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus niruri.

To conclude the oral pathogen growth in in vitro with agar well method of pathogen control test with gram positive round shaped bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas species and Enterococcus species.

Results: The silver nanoparticles can be synthesized using herbal formulation using Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus niruri. They had a useful action against oral pathogens with less side effects.

Conclusion: The silver nanoparticles were synthesized using herbal formulation of Andrographis paniculata and Phyllanthus niruri. The silver nanoparticles had activity against oral pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas species and Enterococcus species and can be helpful in the health care centre to use against various diseases with least side effects.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5328

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF Solanum trilobatum MEDIATED SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES AND ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Goal: The aim of the present study is to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity of selenium nanoparticles mediated by Solanum trilobatum.

Materials and Methods: 1g of Solanum trilobatum powder with 0.519 g of sodium selenite with 50 ml of distilled water was used to prepare the plant extract. They then collected the extract and held it in a laboratory shaker for a few hours to synthesise selenium nanoparticles. The colour shift was detected every two hours and the readings were taken using a UV spectrometer.

Results and Discussion: Selenium nanoparticles showed a higher percentage of protein denaturation inhibition at 50 μL due to the anti-inflammatory impact. If the concentration increases, the inhibition percentage simultaneously increases. Effective inhibition against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp and Candida albicans was shown by the anti-microbial activity of Solanum trilobatum mediated selenium nanoparticles. In our research, antimicrobial activity showed a higher-than-standard inhibition zone against S. Lactobacillus and mutans. In our research, antifungal activity showed an inhibition zone against Candida albicans almost identical to the norm used.

Conclusion: Due to the altered and outstanding properties of nanoscale materials, nanoscience and nanotechnology have numerous promising applications. The current study has shown that SeNPs controlled by Solanum trilobatum have excellent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. So this present study will provide understanding and pave a way for new medicines to be developed that could replace the norm in the future.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5311