PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 As the ‘Green Movement' seems to be winding down, crop yields have remained stagnant or decreased in some cases, creating other environmental health issues. PGPR technology is widely recognised for promoting nutrient uptake and improving soil organic matter status, providing the use of soil microorganisms in practising cost-effective and environmentally friendly farming without the use of substance manures or pesticides. PGPR has also been shown to help with bioremediation and biodegradation of hazardous compounds contained in soil, air, and water. It helps plants grow and develop by using their own digestion through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms, such as natural nitrogen obsession, increasing the availability of supplements in the rhizosphere, improving iron retention through siderophore production, and phytohormone production. It's also used as a biocontrol agent, putting up a fight against plant microbes by orchestrating a variety of antimicrobial and antifungal combinations. As a result, PGPRs can be used to reclaim waste terrains and rural fields, and they can be referred to as a manageability pointer in terms of farming and climate because they are used as bio composts, bio control operators, and soil ripeness improvers, advancing agribusiness in an environmentally friendly manner. This review attempted to cover all potential PGPR mechanisms as well as identified studies for different ways that sustainable agriculture production could be achieved.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5677

STUDIES ON BANANA NUTRITION: FUNCTION AND PROCESSING KINETICS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The banana is one of the most widely cultivated tropical fruits in the world. Carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins abound in this fruit. It is a low-cost carbohydrate source, but due to its limited shelf life, it results in significant post-harvest losses. To extend the banana fruit's postharvest shelf life, proper postharvest handling procedures must be followed to preserve the produce's freshness. During the glut season, however, the fruit can be processed into intermediate products such as puree and concentrate, which can then be used throughout the year. In addition, converting bananas into value-added products prevents nutritional losses and can aid in the fight against malnutrition, especially in developing countries. One of the most important aspects of converting bananas into value-added goods is their processing. This paper examines the various postharvest handling processes as well as processed banana products.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5676

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FORMS AND RATES ON Fusarium culmorum GROWTH, FITNESS, AGGRESSIVENESS AND WHEAT, BARLEY AND TRITICALE RESISTANCE TO CROWN ROT DISEASE | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Management of wheat crown rot disease relies mostly on cultural techniques. However, nitrogen’s effect on host susceptibility and Fusarium culmorum is not fully examined. Therefore, a series of experiments dealt with rates of nitrogenous fertilizers effect on pathogen fitness and varietal resistance of some small grain cereals. These experiments served as frameworks to examine the patterns of varietal defense against the causal agent. Nitrogen rates were studied for their effect on fungus growth under two temperatures, and on aggressiveness and disease resistance. This research adopted data mining analysis of experimental data to describe and model varietal resistance. The form and rates of nitrogen fertilizers significantly affected fungus growth, aggressiveness and varietal resistance. Forms of nitrogen use at (24 g/L) greatly biased disease resistance, and urea increased Fusarium culmorum fitness and aggressiveness, especially at 20-25°C. However, a reasonable nitrogen fertilization based on ammonium nitrate reduced these characteristics, resulting in a subsequently decrease in disease severity and a reliable expression of disease resistance. Integration of decision tree analysis and the methodology developed herein for selecting small grain germplasm should enable breeders to improve resistance to F. culmorum. Furthermore, to bring this disease under control, the use of ammonium nitrate as top dressing fertilizer in disease prone semi-arid regions are highly recommended.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5675

Eclipta alba- A POWERFUL TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL HERB | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Herbal therapies are the world's oldest form of medicine, and recent studies show that herbal remedies are very common, particularly in developing countries where access to modern, expensive medical systems is limited. Eclipta alba was an essential medicinal plant in some countries' earlier medicinal systems. Bhringraj and Bhangara are two common names for Eclipta alba. This herb is well-known in the Ayurvedic medical system. E. alba has been found to contain a variety of phytoconstituents, including coumestan derivatives, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and ascorbic acid, according to qualitative research. While it contains a large number of phytoconstituents, the pharmacological activities of these isolated constituents are unknown, necessitating further pharmacological research. The current research includes a report on E. alba's phytochemistry and pharmacology, as well as ethnopharmacological and popular uses.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5674

KH2PO4 AND SUCROSE AFFECTED in vitro AND ex vitro DATE PALM PLANTLETS CV SAKOTY | Journal of Basic and Applied Research International

 The acclimatisation stage of date palm plantlets is critical for increasing the number of plants to culture in the open field, so this study was done to improve plantlets in the rooting stage in vitro by using different concentrations of KH2PO4 as full (170 mg L-1), full (170 mg L-1) + 14, and full (170 mg L-1) + 12 and sucrose 30 as a growth medium. The results revealed that treating KH2PO4 at full strength with 45 g L-1 sucrose was an effective treatment for increasing in vitro plant height. Although root duration, number, and stem thickness increased significantly under KH2PO4 full + 12 with 60 g L-1 sucrose, full KH2PO4 +30 g L-1 sucrose produced the most hairy roots, full KH2PO4 +30 g L-1 sucrose produced the most leaves, and full KH2PO4 +14 with 45 g L-1 sucrose produced the highest percentage of plantlets acclimatisation. Under complete +1/4 and full + 12 KH2PO4 with 45 g L-1 sucrose, more total indoles, chlorophyll a and b were present. Based on the previous findings, full + 14 or full + 12 KH2PO4 treatment with 45 g L-1 sucrose is preferred for active in vitro and ex vitro stages.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JOBARI/article/view/5672

THE USE OF WASTE SULFUR OF GAS MINING RESULT AS FERTILIZER FOR SHALLOT PLANTS OF LEMBAH PALU VARIETY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Sulfur is one of the macronutrients that plants need in adequate amounts. This element is needed by shallot plants more than by other cultivated plants. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of sulphur application from waste from gas mining on the growth and yield of the lembah palu shallot variety. The study was split into two parts: a greenhouse experiment and a field experiment. The method of fully randomised design was used in greenhouse experiments, while the randomised block design was used in field experiments, with treatments like P1 = no standard fertiliser application and sulphur, and P2 = standard fertiliser application and sulphur. P2 denotes the use of standard fertilisers (N, P, K, and manure) without the addition of sulphur, P3 denotes the use of standard fertilisers with sulphur, and P4 denotes the use of sulphur without the use of standard fertilisers. The findings show that the fertilisation procedure had a major impact on plant height at 30 dap and tuber fresh weight in the greenhouse experiment. Standard fertiliser applications, when combined with sulphur fertilisers, were found to be superior to other treatments. When opposed to a non-fertilized method, this treatment raises tuber fresh weight by 19.5 percent. Fertilization treatment has a major impact on plant dry weight at harvest, tuber fresh weight, and tuber yield per hectare in the field experiment. Standard fertiliser applications, when combined with sulphur fertilisers, were found to be superior to other treatments. This procedure resulted in a more than twofold rise in plant dry weight and tuber fresh weight, respectively.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5669

DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: MODERATING ROLE OF BOARD ATTRIBUTES OF LISTED INSURANCE COMPANIES IN NIGERIA | Journal of Economics and Trade

 The impact of selected board attributes on the relationship between directors' remuneration and financial results of listed insurance companies in Nigeria is investigated in this report. From 2012 to 2017, data was gathered from annual reports and accounts of Nigerian listed insurance firms. The research included all 28 insurance companies listed on the Nigerian stock exchange board, with 19 insurance companies being chosen at random as a sample for the study. Pooled OLS, fixed and random effects regression were used to analyse the data. At a 10% level of importance, it was discovered that directors' remuneration is positively and substantially linked to financial results. The presence of more independent directors on the board increases the positive effect of directors' remuneration on firm results, according to the interaction variables. According to the report, insurance firms should prioritise director remuneration since it has been shown to influence efficiency. In order to improve the interaction outcomes, regulatory bodies should impose strict enforcement about board attributes on insurance companies.

Please see the link :- https://ikprress.org/index.php/JET/article/view/5657

BEATING THE ODDS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON SINGLE MOTHERS' LIVED EXPERIENCES IN CHILD-REARING PRACTICES | Asian Journal of Current Research

 The number of single mothers has been gradually growing for a variety of reasons, including giving birth outside of marriage, breakup, divorce, annulment, the death of a partner, or simply because some women want to have a child and remain single. The study looked at single mothers' experiences raising their children. As a result, the study's aim is to find out how single mothers deal with their circumstances in order to provide a better life for their children and themselves. The researchers used qualitative analysis methods in their study. What are the lived experiences of single mothers in child-rearing activities, to begin with? The results of the study revealed that financial difficulties (struggles to meet the basic needs of the children/family) and isolation, which is the most prevalent feeling among single mothers, are common problems and experiences of being a single mother. Faith, family and community support, and their work all play important roles in dealing with their condition and ensuring their survival. It made them feel good about themselves, and it gave them the confidence to raise their children as single mothers. The study also indicates that single mothers and their children need to be acknowledged, and that government and social work groups should intervene to help them cope with the physical, psychological, and emotional challenges of single parenthood.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/AJOCR/article/view/5656

RATIONALIZING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INCENTIVE-BASED LEARNING IN COMBINATION WITH INQUIRY- BASED LEARNING FOR IMPROVING LEARNERS' OVERALL ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN CHEMISTRY AMONG SENIOR FOUR LEARNERS OF THE COLLEGE SAINT JEAN NYARUSANGE LOCATED IN MUHANGA DISTRICT | Journal of Global Research in Education and Social Science

 In the field of education, both reward and inquiry-based learning are common approaches. The quasi-experimental research design was used, which is a non-randomized pretest-posttest method. The aim of this study was to rationalise the use of incentive-based learning in conjunction with inquiry-based learning methods, as well as to evaluate their combined impact on students' overall academic performance. The participants in the study are 52 senior four students from the Muhanga district's College of Saint Jean Nyarusange. The students were divided into two groups: control (Z) and experimental (W). The two groups were taught the same subject from the chemistry curriculum using different teaching and motivational methods, and then a paper-based test was given to assess overall performance. The control group was taught using the stand and deliver process, while the experimental group was taught using IBA in conjunction with IBLA. In addition, the experimental group's acquisition of interactive behaviour was monitored. Descriptive statistics revealed that learners who received IBA in combination with IBLA performed better, as shown by mean differences between pretest and posttest means of 58.75000 and 74.10985, respectively, and standard deviations of 6.95018 and 9.29708. In the control group, however, there was no substantial difference in means and standard deviations between the pretest and posttest. Researchers advocate using IBA and IBLA as successful combinatorial techniques to increase learners' academic performance as well as promote interactive behaviour acquisition within an academic setting because learners in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JOGRESS/article/view/5653

THE DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESIDENTS OF THE PARTNER COMMUNITY OF ST. PAUL COLLEGE OF BOCAUE: A BASIS FOR COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM | Asian Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies

 Poverty is described as a condition or circumstance in which a person or a community lacks the financial resources and necessities for a basic level of living. Poverty means that the income level from employment is so poor that basic human needs can't be met. Individuals and families living in poverty may lack sufficient housing, clean drinking water, nutritious food, and medical care. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that will influence the respondents' quality of life. Its goal was to identify the demographic profile of residents of St. Paul College of Bocaue's partner group. The study's participants were residents of a slum in Bulacan, Philippines. The respondents' gender, age of parents, marital status, number and age of siblings, educational attainment, work classifications, employment status, religion, and Catholic faith manifestation were all described using the descriptive research tool. In this sample, fifty-five (55) families from the partner group took part. The following are the study's main results, based on the survey: The majority of them are in a live-in relationship, which leads to teenage pregnancy. As a result, the majority of the respondents are uneducated and unemployed.

Please see the link :- https://ikprress.org/index.php/AJAHSS/article/view/5654

ASSESSMENT OF SECONDARY METABOLITES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES ISOLATED FROM Ziziphus jujuba MILL | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The aim of this study was to isolate, characterise, and evaluate total phenol, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes isolated from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. from various locations in Burdwan, West Bengal, India. The isolation of fungal endophytes was done using potato dextrose agar (PDA) media according to the standard protocol. The standard protocol was followed for identification, colonisation frequency determination, fermentation, and extraction of the fungal endophytes. The bioactive compound's qualitative assay was investigated using normal procedures. Normal spectrophotometric methods were used to estimate total phenol and flavonoid content quantitatively. The phosphomolybdenum assay and the 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method were used to assess the antioxidant activity of the cell-free extract. DPPH free radical scavenging was used to evaluate the IC50 values of the fungal endophytes. Four dominant endophytic fungi from Ziziphus jujuba have been isolated and described, with the highest colonisation frequency in ZSS2 (Cladosporium sp. 1) and ZSS4 (Aspergillus sp. 1). ZSS1 (Curvularia sp. 1) and ZSS4 (Aspergillus sp. 1) were found to be positive for the synthesis of various functional metabolites studied in this analysis, according to qualitative detection of secondary metabolites. According to the results of the quantitative analysis, ZSS1 produced the most phenol and flavonoid, followed by ZSS4 and ZSS5. ZSS1 had the highest antioxidant activity in both total antioxidant potential (TAC) and free radical scavenging activity as measured by the phosphomolybdenum assay (inhibition percent ). The total phenol and flavonoid content of the fungal extract were found to have a strong positive association with the antioxidant activity of the extract. Thus, the secondary metabolites formed by endophytic fungi isolated from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. may be a potential source of novel natural antioxidant compounds, according to the current study.

Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5668

RSM-BASED FERMENTATIVE ETHANOLOGENESIS EMPLOYING ACID HYDROLYSATE WATERMELON PEELS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: As an agricultural country, Pakistan produces a large amount of lignocellulosic wastes such as watermelon peels (WMP) each year, which are a source of filth and disease outbreaks due to their incongruent disposal. Furthermore, the global energy crisis caused by the depletion of fossil fuels is forcing researchers all over the world to seek out alternative, less expensive, and more sustainable energy sources. The aim of this study is to obtain "energy from waste" in order to manage the massive amounts of agricultural waste produced locally and globally, as well as to tackle the current extortionate energy crisis. Material and Methods: WMP was used as a feedstock for bioethanol production in this study. WMP was hydrolyzed by dilute nitric acid under optimal conditions, as determined by central composite design's response surface methodology (RSM) (CCD). The following technique demonstrates yeasts' capacity to ferment hydrolyzed WMP containing a significant amount of sugars into ethanol. Results: Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7 and Metchnikowia cibodasensis Y34 yeasts, ethanologenic fermentation was carried out at an optimised stage, affecting independent parameters (elucidated by CCD) for maximum ethanol yield. The concentration of dilute nitric acid pretreated WMP hydrolysate (X1), the hydrolysis temperature (X2), and the incubation time were all taken into consideration (X3). The results showed that S. cerevisiae K7 produced the highest amount of ethanol (0.350.05 g/g of reducing sugars), while M. cibodasensis Y34 produced 0.370.01 g ethanol/g of reducing sugars. Conclusion: In contrast to the conventional baker's yeast S. cerevisiae K7, the ethanologenic yeast M. cibodasensis Y34 is substantially capable of tolerating ethanol and possesses promising potential for WMP-to-bioethanol valorization. Watermelon peels for ethanol production can be highly effective for efficient waste consumption as well as low-cost ethanol production, according to the current study's emphasis on industrial fermentation processes.

Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5667

ANTI BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Cordia dichotoma G. FORST. BARK HEXANE EXTRACT AND IDENTIFICATION OF ITS CONSTITUENTS BY GC-MS ANALYSIS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Cordia dichotoma is the target. G. Forst is a member of the Boraginaceae family, which is known for its biological activities. Ulcers have been treated with powdered plant stem bark. Antimicrobial and anti-implantation properties are found in the stem bark. The aim of this study is to use GC-MS to determine the phytoconstituents of stem bark hexane extract and to investigate its antibacterial activity. Methods: Cold and hot hexane solvents were used to remove the powdered stem bark, and the solvent was then distilled to determine its constituents using GCMS. Saponification, column chromatography, and preparative TLC were used to purify the crude hexane. GCMS was used to evaluate the fractions obtained from the above-mentioned methods. The disc diffusion method was used to test the hexane extract for antibacterial activity against two bacterial pathogens. Based on peak area percentage, retention time, and structure, eleven components from crude hexane extract, eight components from Fraction 16c, and three components from Fraction 16d were classified using GCMS.

Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5666

AN OVERVIEW AND VISUALISATION OF RESEARCH TRENDS IN LATE BLIGHT DISEASE OF PLANT | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The aim of this article was to compile the literature on late blight and to discover trends in the field. Plant Disease is the journal with the most articles published. The journal with the most citations and co-authorship links is Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Nature has the highest total number of citations. The United States is the most active country, and Luxembourg is the most profitable country in terms of average citations. With the most articles and co-authorship ties, Washington State University is the most active organisation. The organisations with the most citations were the Laboratory of Phytopathology and Wageningen University. Plant Research International has the highest average citation per paper, making it the most active organisation. Fry. W.E. is the most prolific author, with the most publications; Knowles N.R. has the most co-authorship links; and Kamoun S has the most cumulative citations. Cano L.M. is the most productive author with the highest average citation.

Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5665

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON WEEDS, YIELD OF SOFT WHEAT AND YIELD COMPONENTS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Autumn cereals need chemical weed control in order to produce a good yield. During the agricultural companion 2015-2016, we tested the effect of eight herbicide treatments on soft wheat yield Triticum aestivum and its components at the INRA-Allal Tazi experimental station in the Gharb Region (Morocco). Herbicides, both single and mixed, were used as therapies. The adventitious flora is described by 26 species belonging to 14 botanical families, according to the station's inventory. Furthermore, dicotyledons account for 92.31 percent of the total, while therophytes account for 88.46 percent. Our findings revealed that all herbicide treatments were successful. When compared to control, grain yield and part (number of wheat feet per m2, number of wheat ears per m2, biomass (stem+ ears), and weight of 1000 grains) increased significantly. The mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl treatment was the most successful against weeds among the simple treatments. With 50.8 qt/ha, this treatment produced the highest grain yield. As compared to other combined treatments, plots treated with 2,4-D+ MCPA + Clodinafoppropargyl + pendimethaline (Pr+Tp+Pl) and 2,4-D+MCPA+Clodinafoppropargyl+ Prosulfocarbe (Pr+Tp+Bo) produced the highest yield of 52 qt/ha.

Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5664

FORMATION OF HARD SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND BIOLOGOCAL PREPARATIONS| PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Introduction: In the face of erratic and inadequate moisture, it is important to research the fundamental elements of hard spring wheat technology in the light of climate change. Field, laboratory, assessment, and comparative methods were used. The application of microbiological biological preparations based on the history of mineral nutrition in the technologies of growing hard spring wheat was studied and analysed in depth. Plant leaf surface formation was influenced by both the context of mineral nutrition and the use of microbiological preparations. For the use of polymyxacarbonate, seed treatment with biopreparations increased the area of the leaf surface by 20.3 percent on non-fertilized areas. 20.5 percent for diazophyte and 23.9 percent for a combination of the two. It was 31.9 thousand m2 / ha for fertilisers N45R45K30, 19.1 percent more for polymicobacterin, 13.8 percent more for diazophyte, and 24.1 percent more for a mixture of preparations. Since the area of the leaf surface was very high (29.2 thousand m2 / ha), the fertilised history of "straw N10 per tonne of by-products" was successful, and with the use of biopreparations, respectively, 33.9; 32.9; 36.4 thousand m2 / ha. The number of viable stems per unit area and the weight of grain from one ear decide the yield of hard spring wheat. The highest yield was in areas planted with polymicobacterium and diazophyte inoculated seeds on the fertiliser background N45R45K30 - 3.50 t / ha, which is 1.47 t / ha (72.4 percent) higher than plots without mineral fertilisers and biopreparations (2.03 t / ha). Applying fertiliser to hard spring wheat is a sensible way to boost yields. With the mandatory treatment of seeds before sowing with a mixture of biological products ("N10 straw per tonne of by-products"), grain yield was 3.16 t/ha, which is 1.13 t/ha (55.7 percent) higher than non-fertilized cultivation. Conclusions: In conditions of unstable moisture, it is important to apply pre-sowing seed treatment with diazophyte and polymicobacterin preparation on the background of straw predecessor, followed by the application of N10 per tonne of by-products, which will ensure a yield of 3.16 t/ha of wheat grain. In the absence of predecessor by-products on the ground, pre-sowing seed treatment with diazophyte and polymicobacterin preparations, as well as the application of N45R45K30, should be used, resulting in a grain yield of 3.50 t/ha.

Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5663

RECENT STUDY ON Sclerotinia STEM: A REVIEW| PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The goal of this article was to compile the literature on Sclerotinia stem rot and to discover trends in the field. Plant Disease is the most active journal in this field, and Field Crops Research has the highest total number of citations per publication. The Journal of Applied Microbiology has the highest total number of citations per publication. India, China, and Australia are the most active and productive countries, with the most articles, citations, and co-authorship links, respectively. The Netherlands has the highest total number of citations per publication. With the most publications and citations, China's Main Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests is the most involved research organisation. The most active organisation is Banaras Hindu University's Department of Botany. The Rajasthan Agriculture University's Agriculture Research Station has the most co-authorship connections. Barbetti M.J. is the most prolific blogger, with the most citations and co-authorship links. The author with the most publications is M.R. Mcdonald With the highest average citation per publication, Bahadur Singh H and Kumar Sarma B are the most active authors.

Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5662

EFFECT OF PRE EMERGENCE HERBICIDES AND THEIR COMBINATIONS ON WEEDS INFESTATION, YIELD COMPONENTS AND YIELD OF COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) AT GURAFERDA AND MENITSHASHAWOREDA, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Weeds reduce the yield and quality of the common bean. During the 2019 main cropping season, the experiment was carried out at Guraferda and Menit Shasha Woreda in Southern Ethiopia (July to October). The goals were to see how pre-emergence herbicides and their combinations affected weed infestation, yield part, and yield of common bean, to see whether low-dose herbicides could be supplemented with hand weeding for effective weed control, and to evaluate the economic viability of various weed management practises. The experiment included 16 treatments: s-metholachlor (1.0,1.5, and 2.0 kg ha-1); pendimethalin (1.0,1.3,1.6 kg ha-1); s-metholachlor plus pendimethalin (1.0,1.3,1.6 kg ha-1); s-metholachlor plus pendimethalin (1.0,1.3,1.6 kg ha-1); s-metholachlor plus pendimethalin (1.0,1.3,1.6 kg ha-1); s-methol 1.0 kg ha-1+ 0.75 kg ha-1 pendimethalin, s-metholachlor at 0.75 kg ha-1+ pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1, s-metholachlor at 0.75kg ha-1+pendimethalin at 1.25 kg ha-1, s-metholachlor at 1.0kg ha-1+one hand weeding at 5WAE, pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1+ one hand weeding at 3WA At crop harvest, the combined use of one hand weeding at 5WAE with 1.0kg ha-1 of s-metholachlor and pendimethalin and two hand weeding at 2and 5 WAE showed lower weed dry biomass at both sites. The weed-free at Guraferda and MenitShasha yielded the highest grain yields (3715.7kg ha-1) and 3437.1kg ha-1, respectively. Grain yield losses were highest (79.48 percent and 67.64 percent, respectively) in weedy check plots at MenitShasha and Guraferda. The application of s-metholachlor at 1.0 kg ha-1 combined with one hand weeding at 5WAE yielded the highest net gain (Birr 27640.1 ha-1).

Please see the link : https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5661

EFFECTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON PARENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES REGARDING VACCINATION AT MOUANKO, EDEA HEALTH DISTRICT, CAMEROON | Journal of Basic and Applied Research International

 Background: Vaccination is estimated to save 2.5 million lives each year around the world. However, due to a lack of vaccination awareness, vaccination coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa, like Cameroon, remains low.

The aim of this study was to see how health education affected parents' awareness and attitudes about vaccination.
The effects of health education on parents' awareness and attitudes about vaccination in the Mouanko Health Area were studied in this cross-sectional interventional analysis. Cluster sampling was used to select participants, who were then randomly assigned to either an experiment or a control group. After performing a pretest, the intervention consisted of health education on vaccination that was only provided to the intervention party. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on skills and attitudes. A point was awarded for each correct answer to the questionnaire's questions. Parents who scored seven points or more on the information segment were considered intelligent, whereas those who scored less than seven were considered unknowledgeable. Similarly, each correct answer was given a point; parents who scored four points or more on a scale of seven were said to have positive attitudes, while those who scored less than four were said to have negative attitudes.  vaccination viewpoints Data was obtained from May 13 to June 15, 2019, and SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyse it.
Results: After the intervention, the proportion of participants with vaccine awareness increased from 35.0 percent to 57.6 percent, and the proportion of participants with positive attitudes increased from 31.0 percent to 41.9 percent. For information and attitudes, the p-values were 0.001 and 0.012, respectively (CI = 95 percent).

Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness of health education was shown by the positive improvement in the intervention community after the intervention.

Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JOBARI/article/view/5660

THE EFFECT OF SMOKE WATER EXTRACT ON ENDOGENOUS PHYTOHORMONES OF Cucumis sativus L. SEEDS EXPOSED TO SALT STRESS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Different concentrations of smoke water extract (0, 1:10, 1:100, 1:200) were used in this study to mitigate the toxic effect of different concentrations of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) (0, 100, 150, 200) mM on Cucumber sativus L. seed germination. The seeds were soaked in two different concentrations of smoke water extract for two different periods of time (24 and 72 hours). Auxin (IAA), gibberelline (GA), cytokinine (CK), and abcsisic acid (AB) concentrations, as well as germination percentage, were all measured. The findings revealed that, depending on the soaking time, smoke water extract has a positive effect on seed germination.

Please see the link - https://ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5658

PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF Candida spp. ISOLATED FROM VULVOVAGINITIS IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ | Journal of Disease and Global Health

 Candida species-induced vulvovaginitis is a widespread fungal infection among adult and pregnant women. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is caused by Candida albicans (VVC). The participants in the study were 250 women ranging in age from 17 to 45 years old who were attending specialist hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq. Candida spp. was detected using standard methods and biochemical tests after vaginal smears were cultured on selective chrome agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was also used to identify isolates, with the universal ITS4 area primer and species-specific primers. There were 141 (56.4%) yeast isolates from the 250 vaginal smears obtained, with 81 (57.4%) Candida albicans and 60 (42.6%) non-albicans. Candida albicans was the most common Candida species (57.4 percent), followed by C. glabrata (20.6 percent), C. tropicalis (13.5 percent), and C. krusei (12.5%). Candida spp. were identified by PCR, which verified the primary identification by biochemical tests. The internal transcript spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 primers produced amplification products of 402 bp in the PCR assays for C. albicans in the examined samples and a high sensitivity to molecular detection for Candida species other than albicans among the local isolates. Finally, the high prevalence of Candida isolates among Iraqi female Vulvovaginitis patients highlights the importance of frequent candidiasis screening and evaluation in Iraqi hospitals.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JODAGH/article/view/5655

MICROBIAL BIO-PESTICIDES AND BOTANICALS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES IN THE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 While the green revolution has had a significant impact on crop yields, it has failed to integrate with agricultural sustainability. Unnecessary use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides has had negative consequences for human health and the environment. Excessive pesticide use in agroecosystems has irreversible consequences. Microbial bio-pesticides and botanicals are gaining traction as a viable alternative to conventional pesticides. These are not harmful to the climate. In agriculture, bio-pesticides can be used to combat some of the most damaging plant diseases and insect pests. This review article focuses on various types of Microbial Biopesticides (Entomopathogenic Fungi, Bacteria, Virus, and Nematodes) as well as Botanicals or Botanical Pesticides (Neem, Rotenone, Pyrethrum, Ryania, Sabadilla, and Eucalyptus oil) that can be used as an alternative to chemical or synthetic pesticides as a step toward agricultural sustainability. When used correctly, biopesticides have a huge potential to improve agriculture's productivity and environmental protection.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5640

In vitro ANTIFUNGAL EVALUATION OF PREPARED CARBENDAZIM NANOEMULSION FOR EFFECTIVE TRANSLOCATION IN FUNGAL CELL | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The aim of this study was to see how effective permeability of antifungal carbendazim could be increased by forming it as an o/w nanoemulsion (NE). The NE was created by using an unprompted emulsification technique to optimise the concentrations of oleic acid as the oil, Tween 20 as the surfactant, and acetone as the co-surfactant. TEM (transmission electron microscopic) analysis was used to determine clarity, drug quality, compatibility, pH, viscosity, stability, and scale. In vitro antifungal assay were performed against two phytopathogens, Alternaria alternata and Dreschlera oryzae. The transparent Nano emulsion with narrow size range of oil droplets, sufficient pH and viscosity was obtained. The creation of distinct nanosized droplets with sizes ranging from 80 to 140 nm was revealed by TEM research. In contrast to the marketed Wettable Powder or suspension of Carbendazim, the NEs were stable under variable temperature conditions and had increased permeation into fungal spore cells, resulting in better performance.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5639

WATER-RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CROP CARE IN SANDY SOILS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Effective use of land resources, especially desert sands and sandy soils, is becoming an increasingly important and urgent challenge in the consistent solution of the world's population's food supply crisis, which is becoming increasingly globalised due to its high growth rate (up to 11 billion by the end of the century).

After all, developing water-saving agricultural technologies for determining and caring for low-water, fertile, and core crops that are ideal for these soil and climatic conditions is of critical scientific and practical importance.

With the aid of field and laboratory tests, we researched the technologies of sowing, fertilising, and irrigating cotton, sunflower, soybean, peanuts, beans, potatoes, and carrots in order to solve this urgent issue.

Results: Sunflower cultivation in desert sandy soils used 4,362 m3/ha (1,144 m3/ha) less water than typical crops (26.2 percent ).

Specifically, during the period before sunflower harvesting, with intensive soy sunflower sowing and joint care for sunflower and grain lasting 2-3 days, the total amount of irrigating decreased by one time, and water savings of an average of 730 m3/s hectares were achieved.

At the same time, a total of 4395 m3 / ha of water was used for the two crops, and by using ditch water in a 1:1 ratio, 2177 m3 / ha (roughly 50%) of river water could be saved without causing soil and crop harm.

In terms of the length of the growth period of soybean sowing, when sown in pure form, a total of 6 times irrigating is permitted, resulting in 4332 m3/ha of water being expended, while 2577 m3/ha of river water was saved in the ratio of 1:1 without harmful consequences.

Soybean growers were able to plant carrots and grow two crops, using an additional 731 m3/ha of water to do so.

Although caring for legumes up to 11 times, subject to permissible irrigation - up to 8145 m3/ha and water consumption - up to 1606 m3/ha, the overall amount of irrigations decreased by half, seasonal water consumption - up to 1606 m3/ha, or 19.7%, while caring for peanuts up to 11 times, subject to permissible irrigation - up to 8145 m3/ha and water consumption - up to 1606 m3/ha.

In addition, due to the efficient use of water, the drainage ditch was able to conserve 3256 m3/ha of river water in a 1:1 ratio.

22.9-387 percent of the cost of crop care was saved thanks to these innovations.

Conclusion: The study found that yields are very poor, extremely unsuitable for agriculture, decreasing mineralization in desert sandy soils, leading to high water-resource-saving and economic productivity by jointly caring for sunflower and soybean crops, as well as eliminating water shortages.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5638

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Thuja occidentalis AND Phyllanthus emblica | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Since ornamental plants have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, they have been widely used as a therapeutic source to treat a wide range of diseases. Owing to the existence of phytocompounds such as Tannins, Flavanoids, Saponin, and others, Thuja occidentalis and Phyllanthus emblica have the ability to treat diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases, and some infections. The antioxidant potential of both the plants collected from the Chandigarh University botanical garden was calculated by measuring the IC50 value of plant extracts prepared in water with varying concentrations of each plant extract, as well as their synergistic antioxidant potential using the DPPH assay for free radical scavenging. The antimicrobial ability of both the plants was observed using the Agar well diffusion method and the Microtitre plate dilution method to assess the effective dosage of both the plants by measuring the IC50 for both the plants as well as their blend in the antimicrobial assay. Both plants had antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but Phyllanthus emblica had a higher therapeutic ability than Thuja occidentalis. Thus, the synergistic effect of both plants was observed, which has not been recorded previously, and exhibited more effective potential than the plants alone, and can be a better option for ailment of certain diseases and can be utilised as anti ageing and anti cancerous drugs than synthetically obtained drugs, as well as a source of recovering from diseases that can be Gastrointestinal such as diarrhoea, a better option for ailment of certain diseases and can be utilised as anti ageing and anti cancerous drugs than As a result, Phyllanthus and Thuja have the potential to be a better potential treatment for the relief and cure of such diseases.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5637

BLOSSOM BLIGHT: RECENT STUDIES ON ANALYSIS AND VISUALISATION OF RESEARCH TRENDS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Blossom blight is a fungal infection that affects plants and causes flower and fruit death. Mangoes, plums, almonds, and apricots are also susceptible to blossom blight. Blossom blight changes the colour of the blossoms to brown and also affects the stem. The fungus “Monilinia fructicola” causes blossom blight. This bibliometric study was carried out in order to better understand the active writers, organisations, journals, and countries involved in the “blossom blight” research domain. The VOS viewer was used to create research tables and visualisation maps for all published papers related to "blossom blight" from "Scopus." The aim of this article was to compile the literature on blossom blight and to discover trends in the field. The journal Plant Disease is the most involved in this field of research. The most productive publication is Annual Review of Phytopathology. The United States is the most active and prosperous nation. Canada's Morden Research and Development Centre is the most involved organisation, with the most publications. Oregon State University's Department of Botany and Plant Pathology has the most citations overall. MAF Technology, Plant Protection Group of New Zealand is the most active organisation in this research domain, with the highest average citation per paper. The Federal University of Pelotas has the most co-authorship relations of any organisation. Stockwell V.O. is the most active author, with the most publications and total citations. The author with the most co-authorship ties is Fox S.L.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5630

VISUALISATION OF RESEARCH TRENDS IN ASTER YELLOW DISEASE IN PLANT: AN OVERVIEW | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Phytoplasmas cause Aster Yellow, a plant disease that affects flowers and vegetables. Aster yellow disease is a difficult plant disease to eradicate, and it affects over 300 different plant species. This plant does not have a concrete treatment. This bibliometric study was carried out to determine the number of active authors, organisations, journals, and countries in the research domain of aster yellow, a plant disease. The VOS viewer was used to create research tables and visualisation maps for all published papers relevant to "aster yellow" from "Scopus." The aim of this article was to compile the literature on aster yellow disease and to discover trends in the field. The journal with the highest productivity is Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The journal with the most citations is the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. The United States is the most active nation, with the most publications, citations, percentage of citations to total citations, and co-authorship links. New Zealand, on the other hand, has the highest average citation. The Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture has the most publications of any organisation. Bertaccini A is the most prolific author, with the most articles, total citations, and co-authorship links. Rehner S.A. is the most productive author with the highest average citation.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5629

PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSETS OF Ziziphus joazeiro- Mart: A REVIEW | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Ziziphus joazeiro, a local native small shrubby tree that is grown in almost all parts of Brazil and is known as Juazeiro, belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. Z. joazeiro extracts are useful in drug development because of their pharmacological properties. Z. joazeiro has been used as a replacement medication in the treatment of high temperatures, headaches, dandruff, sores, bronchitis, gastric boils, respiratory problems, topical healing, and hepatic disease for a long time. Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-staphylococcal, anti-parasitic, spasmogenic, anti-tumour, anti-mutagenic, anthelmintic, anti-pyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties have recently been discovered in Z. joazeiro. The main phytochemicals studied from this tree include flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Because of the easy selection of tree materials, it is inexpensive and widespread in countries with exceptional organic properties; this has made it suitable for food and medicine in some parts of the biosphere, especially in Brazil. This review included an in-depth analysis of the chemical, pharmacological, and biological characteristics of Z. joazeiro.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5636

MORPHOLOGICAL INDEXES OF CORN LEAVES IN THE SYRDARYA REGION AND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THEM | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The size of the surface of corn leaves in saline soils of the Syrdarya area, as well as the degree of correlation between the traits associated with it in terms of genotypes, are examined in this article. According to the study's findings, Daulet's leaf area was 1633.4 cm2, Line 1's was 1001.0 cm, and Line 2's was 1300.3 cm2, with dry matter content of 32.78, 25.82, and 29.72 g, respectively. The fact that the size of the leaf surface depends more on its length and width was found to have a good (r => 0.7) correlation. The size of the leaf surface and the volume of dry matter both yielded the same result. It has been discovered that low-yielding corn lines can produce high yields in saline soil conditions.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5634

A DETAILED ANALYSIS AND VISUALISATION OF RESEARCH TRENDS IN BLACK KNOT | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The fungus Apiosporina morbosa causes black knot, which is a fungal disease. The development of a black knot is gradual, and it takes time for noticeable signs to emerge. Apiosporina morbosa should be tested when it is still in the early stages of development; otherwise, this plant disease can wreak havoc on plant growth and fruiting. In addition, black galls may serve as hosts for other pathogens. This bibliometric study was carried out to learn more about the active writers, organisations, journals, and countries involved in the “black knot” research domain. The VOS viewer was used to create research tables and visualisation maps for all published papers related to "black knot" from "Scopus." The aim of this article was to compile the literature on black knot and to identify trends in the field. The most active journal is Wood and Fiber Science, while Nature is the most creative. The United States is the most prolific and productive nation, with the most publications, citations, average citations, and co-authorship links. The University of Georgia's Department of Plant Pathology is the most involved, while Duke University's School Of Forestry And Environmental Studies has the most citations. China and Aller have the most active authors, with M.F. having the most citations and the highest average citation.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5633

RESEARCH TRENDS IN LEAF BLIGHT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The fungus "Helminthosporium turcicum" causes leaf blight, which is a fungal infection. The spread of this infection is aided by humid, hot, and rainy conditions. Crop rotation is a good way to keep this infection at bay. This bibliometric study was carried out to better understand the active writers, organisations, journals, and countries involved in the field of "Leaf Blight" science. To build research tables and visualisation charts, all published articles related to "Leaf blight" from "Scopus" were analysed using the VOS viewer. The aim of this article was to compile the literature on Leaf Blight and to discover trends in the field. Plant Disease has the most publications and citations in this research area, with Plant Disease having the most publications and citations. The journal with the most co-authorship connections is Phytopathology. The journal with the highest average citation per paper is Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Cornell University's Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology is the most involved organisation, with the most articles, citations, and co-authorship relations. USDA is the most productive organisation, with the most citations per publication on average. Kumar S and Li B are the most prolific writers, with the most publications and co-authorship connections, respectively. Sonti R.V. and Castilla N.P. are the most productive authors, with the most citations and the highest average citation per publication, respectively.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5632

MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS AND GENE EXPRESSION IN A SET OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES UNDER WATERLOGGED CONDITIONS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The aim of this study was to look at the morphological response and expression patterns of the PFP (Pyrophosphate-dependent fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase), CYP81D8 (Cytochrome P450 gene), P5Cs (Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase), and SOD (Superoxide dismutase) genes in sugarcane plants that were kept wet. For morphological studies and RNA isolation and gene expression analysis, waterlogged and control plants of four sugarcane varieties, CoLk 94184, BO 91, CoS 767, and CoJ 64, were used. Waterlogged plants had a higher plant height, but their leaf area and SPAD index were significantly lower than control plants. The emergence of aerial rooting earlier in the season appears to be linked to further waterlogged shoot root injuries. Due to waterlogging, degree Brix (°Brix) in cane juice was higher in most of the studied varieties except BO 91; variety CoLk 94184 showed the highest increase (66.7 percent) over control. The transcript of the PFP enzyme (phospho fructokinase), which is involved in glycolytic reactions, was up-regulated in two varieties (90.5 percent in CoLk 94184), but down-regulated in others. The CYP81D8 (ROS associated proteins) gene showed a significant increase (+110 percent in CoLk 94184) and BO 91 (13.6 percent) in waterlogged plants, but a small decrease in CoS 767 (-7.7%,) and CoJ 64. (-5 percent ). Under waterlogged conditions, P5CS, which is involved in proline biosynthesis, is slightly increased. Waterlogging caused SOD, an antioxidant enzyme, to increase significantly; the highest increase (+154 percent) was seen in the CoLk 94184 variety. The expression of these genes was found to have a close relationship with shoot and leaf characteristics.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5631

In vitro ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY USING FRUIT FORMULATION MEDIATED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The aim of this study was to see whether zinc oxide nanoparticles made from Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum had anti-inflammatory properties.

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen are the most widely prescribed and used drugs for inflammation and its related conditions. Unfortunately, these medications have a lot of negative side effects. As a result, there has been an increase in the quest for a more powerful and secure alternative. To minimise the side effects, zinc oxide nanoparticles, which have strong anti-inflammatory efficacy, were prepared using a green method mediated by extracts from Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum.

Materials and Methods: Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum extracts were collected and prepared, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesised, nanoparticles were collected using centrifugation, nanoparticles were characterised, anti-inflammatory activity of ZnO nanoparticles was determined using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and albumin denaturation inhibition was tested.

Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced by Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity comparable to Diclofenac.

Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that zinc oxide nanoparticles induced by Punica granatum and Elettaria cardamomum have potent anti-inflammatory properties, and more studies can be done to test it for various medicinal purposes.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5628

EVALUATIONS OF Trichoderma ISOLATES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF Fusarium WILT OF CHILI | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Using the dual culture method, the in vitro antagonistic capacity of Trichoderma species T. atroviride, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and T. viride against Fusarium oxysporum f. spp. capsici was assessed. T. hamatum was found to be the most effective in inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum f. spp. capsici mycelial development, with 70.15 percent inhibition, followed by T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and T. viride, with 67.18 percent, 68.75 percent, 69.46 percent, and 66.75 percent inhibition, respectively. By using spore suspension (1106 conidia/mL), the antifungal ability of five Trichoderma species was further assessed in-vivo. Under greenhouse conditions, T. longibrachiatum treatment resulted in a disease severity of 24.7 percent. T. longibrachiatum also increased root and shoot length and weight. Fusarium wilt was moderately regulated by the other Trichoderma species. Overall, T. hamatum and T. longibrachiatum were the most successful treatments for Fusarium wilt control in vitro and in vivo, and it depends on the plant species' disease tolerance.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5626

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF Maranta arundinacea MEDIATED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: In today's world, synthesis of nanoparticles using plants such as arrow roots is considered an environmentally friendly technology because no toxins or chemicals are used. Zinc is a naturally occurring factor that helps macromolecules preserve their structure and function. It aids enzymes that aid in the regulation of cellular processes and pathways. Arrow root-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of biomedical applications. A typical green synthesis technique is used to make these zinc oxide nanoparticles. Zinc nanoparticles have an impact on cell viability, antioxidant function, and the degradation of contaminants in the atmosphere, as previously stated. It is also said to be a safe type of nanoparticle that functions as a natural human skin barrier, according to other reports. Maranta arundinacea, also known as arrowroot, is a perennial plant with a wide range of medicinal properties. It's used to treat diarrhoea, vomiting, indigestion, and even urinary tract infections, as well as being a baby food.

The aim of this study was to look at the anti-inflammatory properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by Maranta arundinacea.

Materials and Methods: Arrowroot was used to make zinc oxide nanoparticles, which were then tested for anti-inflammatory activity.

The graph obtained shows that arrowroot muted Zinc oxidants have major antiinflammatory activity.

Conclusion: Since Arrow root has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, it can be used as a better drug of choice.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5625

STIMULATION OF AMYLASE ACTIVITY BY UV EXPOSURE AND POTATO PEELS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Bacillus cereus was obtained as a positive strain after isolation, identification, and screening of Amylolytic bacteria from soil. The effects of pH and the concentration of potato peels on Amylase development were investigated. As a result, the best conditions for Amylase activity were pH 7, 15 percent peels concentration. The effect of UV radiation exposure at various times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 minutes) was used to mutate Bacillus cereus. The results showed that after exposure to UV, Bacillus cereus amylase activity increases while Bacillus cereus growth decreases. The assay enzyme extract is used to measure amylase activity against a maltose standard curve

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5624

THE ROLE OF TIME TO MAXIMUM PARAMETER IN THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE ISCHEMIC PENUMBRA FOR DSC-MRI IMAGING | Journal of International Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

 Background: To assess hypoperfused cerebral parenchyma, the period to limit of the tissue residue feature (Tmax) is a widely used parameter. The post-processing programme to measure Tmax, on the other hand, is a problem because it is optional, costly, and requires a powerful workstation.

The aim of this study was to show how to build a perfusion imaging analysis workflow that produces accurate and repeatable Tmax maps. The perfusion signal is estimated from the data given by the MRI method, which is the first step in the quantification process. After that, the curve is transformed into a focus curve. The Arterial Input Function (AIF) is then determined using an automated process, followed by deconvolution using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Finally, we measured the parameter Tmax and used thresholds to produce the mapping of this parameter.

Healthy volunteers, patients with reported brain infarction, and two patients with no mismatch were used to assess the clinical utility. The Tmax parameter's output was also compared to that of the standard semi-quantitative analysis (time-to-peak (TTP) parameter).

Conclusion: The Tmax map provides a fast and reliable estimate of the hypoperfused cerebral parenchyma, according to the findings. The TTP parameter results in a much better solution with smoother edges and more detailed details.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JIRMEPS/article/view/5623

A. IS A GOOD BOY: THE CRUCIAL SYNERGY AMONG CURE AND CARE IN A CASE OF DEVELOPMENTAL RECOVERY OF A NON-ORGANIC FAILURE TO THRIVE | Journal of Case Reports in Medical Science

 Maltreated children often present to hospitals in a state of severe decompensation, and non-organic failure to thrive is a common complication. Foster care is a common option in the field of child welfare, but unsuccessful placements in foster care exacerbate the child's health condition, which is already serious. This paper describes the case of a 3-year-old boy who demonstrated developmental recovery after a prompt and prolonged hospitalisation due to early physical assault, neglect, institutionalisation, and inadequate multi-placement in foster care. The use of hospital keeping as a preliminary containment mechanism, as well as the medical-nursing staff's mothering, was part of a multidisciplinary and multi-focus intervention. In order to facilitate emotional containment and developmental catch-up in neglected children, hospitalisation should be considered a viable treatment alternative in clinical practise.

Please see the link :- https://ikprress.org/index.php/JOCRIMS/article/view/5622

MANDIBULAR CANINE TRANSMIGRATION: DIAGNOSTIC & MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE FOR ORTHODONTISTS – A CASE REPORT | Journal of Case Reports in Medical Science

 Bilateral transmigration of mandibular canines is a clinically unusual phenomenon. For good canine directed occlusion, lower canines must be repositioned to their proper location. It's virtually impossible to traction and correct such ectopically erupted teeth with orthodontics.

After extracting over-retained bilateral mandibular primary canines and right lower primary second molar in a 14-year-old girl, we present a case of bilateral transmigration of mandibular canines positioned vertically in the midline (Type 5 pattern of Mupparapu classification).

Please see the link :- https://ikprress.org/index.php/JOCRIMS/article/view/5621

SORBITOL ACCUMULATION INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF Punica granatum | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Background: Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is a sweet-tasting sugar alcohol that metabolises slowly in the human body. The polyol pathway, also known as the sorbitol-aldose reductase pathway, appears to be involved in diabetic complications, particularly microvascular damage to the retina, kidneys, and nerves. (Botanical name: Punica granatum; family: Punicaceae). Pomegranate juice reduces lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetics and hypertensive patients, as well as systolic blood pressure and serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity.

The aim of this study was to see how effective pomegranate extract is at preventing sorbitol accumulation (Punica granatum).

Plant materials-Punica granatum extract was obtained from Green Chem Herbal extracts and formulations, Bengaluru, India, for use in the research.

The technique used to extract the above plant material was developed by Kesavanarayanan et al. in 2013.

Results: Punica granatum extract inhibited sorbitol formation significantly, with an IC50 of 48.51g/mL compared to 37.77g/mL for regular ascorbic acid.

Conclusions: Pomegranate extract appears to have an inhibitory effect on sorbitol accumulation in the body.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5620