Background: As an agricultural country, Pakistan produces a large amount of lignocellulosic wastes such as watermelon peels (WMP) each year, which are a source of filth and disease outbreaks due to their incongruent disposal. Furthermore, the global energy crisis caused by the depletion of fossil fuels is forcing researchers all over the world to seek out alternative, less expensive, and more sustainable energy sources. The aim of this study is to obtain "energy from waste" in order to manage the massive amounts of agricultural waste produced locally and globally, as well as to tackle the current extortionate energy crisis. Material and Methods: WMP was used as a feedstock for bioethanol production in this study. WMP was hydrolyzed by dilute nitric acid under optimal conditions, as determined by central composite design's response surface methodology (RSM) (CCD). The following technique demonstrates yeasts' capacity to ferment hydrolyzed WMP containing a significant amount of sugars into ethanol. Results: Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7 and Metchnikowia cibodasensis Y34 yeasts, ethanologenic fermentation was carried out at an optimised stage, affecting independent parameters (elucidated by CCD) for maximum ethanol yield. The concentration of dilute nitric acid pretreated WMP hydrolysate (X1), the hydrolysis temperature (X2), and the incubation time were all taken into consideration (X3). The results showed that S. cerevisiae K7 produced the highest amount of ethanol (0.350.05 g/g of reducing sugars), while M. cibodasensis Y34 produced 0.370.01 g ethanol/g of reducing sugars. Conclusion: In contrast to the conventional baker's yeast S. cerevisiae K7, the ethanologenic yeast M. cibodasensis Y34 is substantially capable of tolerating ethanol and possesses promising potential for WMP-to-bioethanol valorization. Watermelon peels for ethanol production can be highly effective for efficient waste consumption as well as low-cost ethanol production, according to the current study's emphasis on industrial fermentation processes.
Please see the link - https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5667
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