ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES OF MULTI STRESS AFFECTED Allium sativum PLANT EXTRACT | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The purpose of this study is to assess the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancerous, and multi-stress activities of Allium sativum medicinal plant extract. The garlic was bought fresh at the local market. To obtain the edible part of the garlic clove, fresh bulb garlic cloves were separated, peeled, and washed with tap water before being sterilised with distilled water. This material was dried at room temperature (24°C) in the shade. For each garlic, three types of extracts were made using three organic solvents: ethanol, n-haxene, and water. On Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavous, and Rhizopus stolonifer, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of ethanolic, n-haxene, and aqueous garlic extract was determined. The antibacterial and antifungal activities clearly showed that the aqueous extract had no inhibitory effect on the test microorganisms. Ethanolic extracts of antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas hydrophila revealed zones of inhibition of 9.25 mm, 9.51 mm, 9.5 mm, and 9.5 mm, respectively, whereas the positive control showed zones of inhibition of 7 mm and 9.25 mm in the case of Pseudomonas and Aeromonas hydrophila. The antibacterial activity of n-hexane extracts of E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas hydrophila showed inhibition zones of 6.15 mm, 6.02 mm, 7.90 mm, and 5.965 mm, respectively, whereas the positive control showed an inhibition zone of 0.00 mm. Antifungal activity of ethanolic extracts was highest in Aspergillus flavous at 18 mm of the inhibition zone. The antifungal activity of n-haxene extracts was highest in Aspergillus flavous, with an area of inhibition of 18mm.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5586

ISOLATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM Vitis vinifera L. and Annona squamosa L. FRUITS AND SCREENING FOR BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 The current research focuses on isolating actinomycetes from Vitis vinifera L. and Annona squamosa L. fruits, as well as screening for bioactive compounds released by actinomycetes, such as antibacterial and amylase inhibitory activity, and their role in fruit quality.

Pretreatment and growth on selective nutrient medium without and with antibiotics were used to isolate the actinomycetes from the fruit. Antimicrobial activity of isolate extracts was screened using an antibiotic disc diffusion technique, and amylase inhibition activity was screened using a spectroscopic approach using 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid.

Using calcium carbonate, dry heat pretreatment, and growth on medium with and without antibiotics, a total of 16 actinomycetes were isolated from Vitis vinifera L. and Annona squamosa L. fruits samples. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 5 of the 16 isolate extracts. Extracts from isolates G2 and C2 inhibited amylase by 30 and 50 percent, respectively.

Conclusion: Actinomycetes are found on the fruits of Vitis vinifera L. and Annona squamosa L., and they produce antibacterial activity that helps restore fruit quality by preventing unwanted bacterial growth. Isolated actinomycetes were discovered to be a source of bioactive compounds and amylase inhibitory activity, both of which help to prevent starch degradation.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5565

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISATION OF ZINC SULFIDE NANOPARTICCLES USING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND X-RAY DIFFARACTION ASSAY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Semiconductor nanoparticles are having a wide range of applications in biomedical imaging and therapeutics. In this present investigation, we used marine bacteria Enterococcus sp. RMAA for the biosynthesis of zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) by extracellular route is a low cost and eco-friendly manner. The synthesised ZnS NPs were characterised using different techniques such as UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction assay (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD result confirms the crystalline nature of ZnS nanoparticles identified by reflection planes. The clumped, as well as polydispersed particles with biological compounds, are observed in the microscopic analysis (SEM and TEM). The EDX spectrum shows the presence of absorption peak of Zn and S in the biosynthesised nanoparticles with some minor peaks represents from biomolecules of culture supernatant. Finally, the ZnS NPs were tested against different pathogens isolated from clinical samples. In that Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus shows a good zone of inhibition. The research concluded the ZnS nanoparticles would play an essential role in the production of nanomedicine for various epidemic diseases.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5346

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Symploccous racemosa MEDIATED COPPER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST Streptococcus mutans | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Introduction: Symploccocus racemosa plants are very useful in various aspects of pharmacology. The copper nanoparticles are smaller in size, providing the microbes with a wide surface area for interaction. The CuNPs were being tested by SEM, TEM for finding the copper nano particles. To assess the activity of the CuNPs on Streptococcus mutans, anti-bacterial activity was carried out.

Materials and methods: preparation of the root extract: fresh lodhra bark was extracted and ground until the fine powder was made. They mixed 1 g of this powder with 100 ml of distilled water. The extract was boiled in the heating mantle for 3 to 5 minutes and was filtered.

CuNP preparation: 0.861 g of copper sulphate powder was added and added to 50 ml of distilled water; the extract of the lodhra bark was added. In a shaker, the solution was held and the readings were taken.

Antibacterial activity: on the surface of the Muller Hington agar plates, fresh bacterial suspension has been dispersed. The different concentrations of CuNPs were incorporated into the wells and incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees Celsius.

Result and Discussion: On each plate, the diameter of the inhibition zone was registered. The change in colour was suggestive of CuNP formation and was further confirmed by the UV-vis spectrophotometer.

Conclusion: CuNPs mediated with sensitizedlodhra bark showed high antibacterial activity against S. Among other oral pathogenes, mutans. These nanoparticles can be used in further studies to cure diseases, as they can be effective in the management of sensitive microorganisms.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5339

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TAMARIND FRUIT PULP MEDIATED SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES ISOLATED FROM WOUNDS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Background: Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are gaining importance in pharmaceutical industries. Se NPs exhibit low cytotoxicity compared to Selenium (Se) compounds and they are found to possess excellent anticancer and other therapeutic activities. Wound healing is one of the major concerns among health care practitioners and scientists. Poor wound healing not only causes trauma to the patient but increases the burden of financial resources and requirement for cost effective management within the healthcare system

Aim: To do an In vitro study on the antibacterial activity of tamarind fruit pulp mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against E. coli, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas sp. isolated from wounds.

Materials and Methods: Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles was done using tamarind extract. Synthesised nanoparticles were confirmed by spectrophotometer. The synthesised nanoparticles were centrifuged. Three petri plates with Muller Hinton agar were prepared. Three plates were streaked with three bacterial species – one in each with E. coli, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas sp. Three wells were created. 100 μL each of tamarind mediated nanoparticle, tamarind mediated nanoparticle + antibiotic and antibiotic alone  was added in each well and ZOI was measured after 24 hours.

Results: Tamarind fruit pulp mediated SeNPs showed good antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of Tamarind SeNPs was better with a zone of inhibition of   30 mm compared to amoxicillin against E. coli which was 22 mm. The nanoparticle combination showed   synergistic activity with amoxicillin against Klebsiella sp. 31 mm as a zone of inhibition and comparatively less activity was shown against Pseudomonas sp. 11 mm

Conclusion: Tamarind fruit pulp mediated selenium nanoparticles showed good inhibitory activity on   E. coli, Klebsiella isolated from wounds. It showed synergistic activity with amoxicillin against Klebsiella. However, its activity against Pseudomonas was less. Therefore, Tamarind fruit pulp mediated selenium nanoparticles may be useful against infections caused by E. coli and Klebsiella.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5324

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Achyranthes aspera EXTRACT AGAINST ORAL PATHOGENS – AN in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The objective of the study is to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of  Achyranthes aspera bark extract against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus. Dental caries, otherwise known as tooth decay, is one of the chronic diseases of people worldwide and individuals are susceptible to throughout their life. Medicinal plants found in the environment harboring high bacterial cell density were long suspected to have protective mechanisms against microbial infections and offer a large and attractive phytochemical repertoire for the discovery of novel microbial disease control agents. Achyranthes aspera is one such important plant with various established pharmaceutical properties. Achyranthes aspera is procured from Green Chem Herbal extracts & Formulations, Bengaluru .The inhibitory effect of the extract was tested against two oral pathogens commonly causes dental caries by using the Micro  broth dilution method . The extract showed significant antibacterial activity against the Lactobacillus acidophilus and No activity against Streptococcus mutans.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5305

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA, CURCUMIN & NUTMEG AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS & LACTOBACILLUS - A NOVEL TRIO - in vitro STUDY | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the combined antibacterial activity of Aloe vera, Curcumin and Nutmeg against oral pathogens.

Materials and Methods: Fresh extract of aloe vera, curcumin and nutmeg was prepared. Seven test samples were tested in the study, which included i) Aloe vera, ii) Curcumin, iii) Nutmeg individually, iv) Combination of aloe vera & curcumin (1:1), v) Combination of aloe vera & nutmeg (1:1), vi) Combination of curcumin & nutmeg (1:1) and vii) Combination of aloe vera, curcumin& nutmeg (1:1:1).The antibacterial activity of all the samples against Streptococcus mutans & Lactobacillus were determined using agar disc diffusion method. The discs impregnated with different concentrations (500 µg/ml. 750 µg/ml & 1000 µg/ml) of the sterile samples and 20 µl of Standard antibiotic (Ampicillin) disc were placed in agar plates. The plates were incubated at 37ºC for 24 hrs. The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition.

Results: Nutmeg individually showed higher antibacterial effect against S. mutans at 1000µg/ml, followed by aloe vera & curcumin. Combination of aloe vera & nutmeg and combination of curcumin & nutmeg at 1000 µg/ml showed greater inhibitory effect against S. mutans, when compared to combination of aloe vera and curcumin. Aloe vera individually showed higher antibacterial effect against Lactobacillus at 1000 µg/ml, followed by nutmeg & curcumin Combination of aloe vera & curcumin at 1000 µg/ml showed greater inhibitory effect against Lactobacillus, when compared to the other two combinations. Combination of all three herbs showed highest antibacterial activity against both the test organisms.

Conclusion: It is evident that this novel herbal trio is effective as an antibacterial agent against oral pathogens such as S. mutans and Lactobacillus.

Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/5291