Plants are the primary
food producers and they comprise the essential wellspring of carbon, nutrients,
minerals, protein and unsaturated fats. Plant proteins can help in anticipation
of cardiovascular illness, disease, bone misfortune and diabetes. Cereal
grains, legumes including oil-seed provide proteins to the entire animal
kingdom. Plant enzymes like proteases, amylases, cellulose and lipase are
useful in the digestion of raw food. Plants have been used to treat many
ailments from time immemorial. Moreover, much work has been done to study the
therapeutic effect of secondary metabolites from plants rather than the primary
metabolites namely proteins, carbohydrates, enzymes and lipids. This review
stresses upon the use of plant proteins and enzymes as a whole for treating
diseases/disorders rather than the secondary metabolites.
Friday, January 31, 2020
Thursday, January 30, 2020
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY STUDIES IN Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees
Investigation to find
out the amount of variability present in the Crossandra [Crossandra
infundibuliformis (L.) Nees] was carried out at Horticultural College and
Research Institute, Periyakulam during 2016-17 using local Nilakottai genotype.
The mutagens employed were gamma rays at different estimates of phenotypic
variance (phenotypic variation) were higher compared to the genotypic variance
(genotypic variation) for all growth and flower characters, indicating the
influence of environment. Among the morphological characters studied, high
(phenotypic and genotypic variation) were recorded for a number of flowers per plant.
Whereas all the other traits showed moderate to low values. All the traits
recorded very high heritability in M2 generation in mutant
populations of Nilakottai local. The genetic advance as per cent of the mean
was high for plant height, number of leaves, internodal length, number of
branches, length of the branch, number of days for first flower to emerge,
number of spikes per plant, number of flowers per spike, number of flowers per
plant, length of spike, yield of flowers per plant, weight of 100 flowers. High
heritability values recorded for all the traits measured indicates that genetic
variation can be created using Nilakottai local thus ensure continuous
improvement through breeding of Crossandra plant.
Tuesday, January 28, 2020
ADSORPTION OF DYES BY MARINE ALGAE
Adsorption is the
adherence to a surface of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or
dissolved solid. This method produces an adsorbent film on the adsorbent's
ground. In the present study, Ulva intestinalis (formerly Enteromorpha
intestinalis) a member of Cyanophyceae collected form Covelong, Southeast coast
of Tamil Nadu was used for adsorbing methyl orange and phenol red. The results
showed that at 60 min of treating the phenol red dye with seaweed yield maximum
reduction (44%) of colour and in case of methyl orange 47.4% colour reduction
occurred after 60 min.
Monday, January 27, 2020
A REVIEW ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS Avicennia SPECIES
Mangrove crops were
used in drugs for folklore. Mangroves are woody trees and shrubs that develop
in tropical and subtropical intertidal areas. A. marina, frequently referred to
as gray mangrove or white mangrove, is a mangrove species categorized as
Acanthaceae (formerly Verbenaceae or Avicenniaceae) crop genus. It happens in
the intertidal regions of estuarine areas, as with other mangroves. The A.
marina samples have more effective antioxidant activity. This survey report
views on various antimicrobial and phytochemical activities of Avicennia
species.
Friday, January 24, 2020
EFFECTS OF VARYING LEVELS OF ALUMINIUM ON GERMINATION OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus), CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum) AND MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata)
Overwhelming metals
are one of the most significant natural poisons. An examination was done to
discover the impact of aluminium in hydroponics culture on the germination of
Raphanus sativus, Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum. The plants were permitted
to develop in fixed hydroponic culture at different groupings of aluminium
chloride at various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mM). It was
discovered that there was abatement in germination rate with an expansion in
the centralization of the aluminium. Raphanus sativus and Vigna radiata seeds
were able to withstand an aluminium concentration of 10 mM and 25 mM,
respectively while Cicer arietinum was very sensitive to Al and could withstand
only up to 5 mM of aluminium.
EFFECT OF TIME OF MIXING ON DYE REMOVAL CAPACITY FROM WASTEWATER
Nowadays finding the
Easy and Economical way to treat the industrial wastewater is the raising ideas
in newer technology. In this work adsorption of methylene blue using various
adsorbent such as groundnut shell, and tea waste were used in batch studies at
a constant dye concentration of 300 mg/l, adsorbent dose of 0.5 gm groundnut
shell powder, and Spent tea powder. The time of Agitation was varied by 20, 40,
60, 80, 100 min. After the time of agitation of 100 min, Maximum dye removal of
86% was observed in spent tea powder and 80% was observed in Groundnut shell
powder.
COMBINED EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR CHEMICAL-KINETICS INVESTIGATION OF BENZOYL ISOTHIOCYANATE FORMATION
Kinetics and mechanism
of the reaction between substituted benzoyl chlorides (1) and ammonium
thiocyanate (2) were investigated theoretically and experimentally using the
DFT method at M062x/6‐311G++(2d,2p) level of theory and UV-vis
spectrophotometry technique, respectively. The reaction followed second‐order
kinetics according to the effect of concentration on the reaction rate. The
solvent effect demonstrates that media with the lower dielectric constant is in
favour of the reaction rate. On the basis of
the Eyring plot, activation parameters were determined in a lower
dielectric constant solvent such as 1,4 dioxane, the low value of ∆G‡
(58.7 kJ mol-1) in this solvent relation to polar solvent, help to
increase the reaction rate. In fact, unfavourable ∆S‡ value (-188.18
J mol-1 K-1) can be compensated by the favourable ∆H‡
value (lower, 4.01 kJ mol-1). In this case, the reaction is entropy
controlled, while in the polar solvent (acetonitrile), the unfavourable ∆H‡
value (higher, 45.6 kJ mol-1) can be compensated by the favourable
∆S‡ value (-80.9 J mol-1 K-1), so the reaction
is enthalpy-controlled. Different substituents examined on the reaction rate in
both methods. The rate constant was in favour of strong para
electron-withdrawing substituent (EWS) groups (i.e. NO2) on benzoyl
chloride. A comparison of theoretical and experimental rate constant values in
both methods indicated differences between data. This is expected, because of
the real liquid phase (for experimental results) has a great difference from
the unlike liquid phase (for theoretical data). Hammet study, exhibited that
the large value of ρ=1.94 imply that TS structure is constructed with negative
charges; hence, EWS plays a significant role in stabilizing TS character for
increasing the reaction rate. The result of this study confirmed that the
reactions in the presence of various para-substituted benzoyl chlorides have
the same kinetics role. Also, the effect of leaving group was studied on the
reaction between (1) and (2), theoretically. The result showed that the
reaction rate in the presence of benzoyl bromide has been increased approximately
25 times more in the gas phase and also 170 times more in a liquid phase,
compared to benzoyl chloride. A linear dependence of ΔH‡ versus ΔS‡
approved based on the isokinetic and Exner equations, so the reaction exhibited
the same kinetics role in the different solvents.
Thursday, January 23, 2020
EVALUATION OF GERMPLASM FOR VARIABILITY IN BREEDING AND SEED YIELD TRAITS IN Brassica juncea (L)
The present study was
undertaken to evaluate various Genetic parameters like Variability,
Heritability, Genetic advance and Genetic advance percent as mean for
twenty-six genotypes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) L. by using RBD design
in Rabi 2018 – 2019 at Experimental farm of the lovely professional university,
Punjab. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient variation (PCV and GCV) was
reported in number of secondary branches (38.98 and 33.82), harvest index
(35.58 and 25.49), biological yield (35.40 and 30.24), seed yield per plant
(31.02 and 29.18) and number of primary (24.04 and 20.83), High magnitude
heritability was recorded in all most all characters except harvest index and
seeds per silique. High genetic advance recorded for plant height (42.06),
length of the main shoot (42.35) and biological yield (45.47), genetic advance
percent mean recorded high recorded for all most all traits except days to
first flower, whereas selection of above traits would help in the effective
improvement on seed yield per plant.
IMPACT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON LEAF MINERAL CONTENT (CV NENDRAN) AND NUTRIENT STATUS OF THE STUDIED SOIL
Nendran is the popular
variety grown commercially in different regions due to its wider adaptability
and high degree of tolerance to drought in a perennial cropping system. A field
experiment was performed in randomized block design with ten treatments of
various ratios of nitrogen and potassium to study their nutrient concentrations
in banana leaves and soil at vegetative and harvesting stage. The results
revealed that the treatment 9 with the ratio of N250P80K400
showed the highest mineral content in leaves at both the vegetative and
harvesting stage. Therefore the fertilizers with the dosage of N250P80K400
are optimum for growing the plants.
PRIMARY STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HONDURAN MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) LEAF EXTRACT
The present study was
designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Swietenia macrophylla
crude methanolic (SMCM) seed extract. The antimicrobial activity of the oily
extract against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, yeast and fungus strains was
evaluated based on the inhibition zone using disc diffusion assay, minimal
inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)
values. The crude extract was subjected to various phytochemicals analysis. The
demonstrated qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presences of common
phytocompounds including alkaloids, terpenoids, antraquinones, cardiac
glycosides, saponins, and volatile oils as major active constituents. The SMCM
seed extract had inhibitory effects on the growth of Candida albicans, Bacillus
subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and illustrated MIC and MBC
values ranging from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
PRODUCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF SUCRASE FROM Bacillus subtilis USING PLACKETT BURMANN DESIGN
Over the few years,
there is an increased interest in the microbial enzymes to overcome its
inability to meet the current and future requirements of the World. In the
search of a kind, sucrase has a vital role to play with its variety of
applications, particularly in the food and biofuel productions. In addition to
their vast and varied applications, newer microbes are to be screened for
sucrase production with their desirable properties. There are two saccharolytic
enzymes induced by sucrose in Bacillus species which is encoded by SacB and
SacA in the an extracellular levansucrase and an intracellular, respectively.
In this experimental analysis, Plackett Burman Design was used for screening of
nutrients for sucrase production by Bacillus subtilis. Sucrase activity was
optimized by Plackett Burman design in Production Medium and then purified by
column chromatography. Using MINITAB 15 Software, Sucrose, Yeast Extract, and
Ferrous Sulphate had major source influence on sucrase activity compared to
other components. In column purification, maximum amount of enzymes was
obtained from the concentration of 0.5M NaCl-eluted sample.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
ON THE BOUNDED AND UNIQUE SOLVABILITY OF THE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF THE EQUATION IN THE SPACE OF SCALAR FUNCTIONS WITH ABSOLUTE CONTINUOUS DERIVATIVE OF THE (n -1) ORDER AND ITS ISOTONIC GREEN OPERATOR FOR A CERTAIN CLASS OF LINEAR FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
The objectives of this
paper is to investigate the boundary value problem of the equation in the space
of scalar functions with absolute continuous derivative of the nth order, and
to establishes the effective and sufficient conditions for its bounded and it
unique Solvability. Theorems were stated and prove under the Preliminaries
note, about four Theorems with applications to prove the main results. The
necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee the studied boundary value
problem to satisfy the Isotonic Property of the Green Operator was also
established. My approach in this study improved on the literatures, to the case
where more than two arguments of the studying equations were established, as in
the case of one argument in the authors in [3,4].
Friday, January 17, 2020
NUTRIENT MEDIA FOR DOUBLE HAPLOID PRODUCTION IN ANTHER CULTURE OF RICE HYBRIDS
The first double
haploid lines were obtained in the anther culture more than 50 years ago, but
so far their production remains more art than a well-established technology.
There are a huge number of articles with conflicting information, both on
preliminary processing of anthers and medias that determine the highest yield
of regenerants, despite the fact that the relevance of research in this area is
difficult to overestimate. Double haploid (DH) lines are used: For increasing
efficiency of traditional breeding; obtaining populations of DH lines used in
several stages of fixing heterosis effect (to remove semi-lethal genes, as well
as homozygotization of material) and so on. The objective of the study is to
investigate the efficiency of media for producing DH lines in anther culture of
hybrids between Russian and foreign varieties. The anthers of 67 hybrid
combinations, both interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, were used. 30-50
anthers were planted on Petri dish (6 сm). After formation of callus (size varied
from 2 to 10 mm) on the medium for dedifferentiation, they were transferred to
MS medium for regeneration. Plants from 5 cm in size were transferred to the
root formation medium. We study the effectiveness of nutrient media, which are
derivatives of N6, but with a different hormonal composition; and С, RZ media,
the salt content was also changed. Medias RZ and C did not reliably differ in
callus yield; the rest were reliably inferior to them in this trait. Therefore,
to increase the yield of callus, a higher content of salts of KNO3, KH2PO4,
MgSO4 • 7H2O, MnSO4 • 4H2O, ZnSO4 • 7H2O, H3BO3, CaCl2 • 2H2O vitamins is
necessary. However, their hormonal composition is different. If the RZ medium
contains naphthylacetic (NAA) and dichlorophenoxyacetic acids ( 2,4-D), then C
is only 2,4-D. N6-based media, N6a and N6б contain only one auxin as well as C.
In the study, the best results were shown by option with content of both
hormones at a concentration 2 mg / l NAA and 1 mg/l 2,4-D. The results showed a
significant positive effect of increasing iron (FeSO4 x 7 H2O) concentration
(55.6 mg / L) both on callusogenesis and plant regeneration. In standard recipe
of all the media used in the work, its concentration is 27.8 mg / l. To
stimulate somatic embryogenesis, the media were modified also by the addition
of abscisic acid (ABA) and silver nitrate AgNO3. Studies have shown
that somatic embryogenesis is stimulated in many genotypes when using ABA in
combination with cytokinins. Callusogenesis and regeneration in the considered
combinations had maximum values at AgNO3 concentration 2 mg/l and;
1 mg/l ABA for the of most of the studied hybrids.
THE ROLE OF ADULT EDUCATION IN THE PROMOTION OF PARTICIPATORY AND REGIONALISED DEVELOPMENT FOR RE-CHARACTERISATION OF SADC
The development of the
Southern African Development Community (SADC) remains pivotal for
transformation and amelioration of the living conditions of the citizens of the
member states. It is therefore essential for countries that are members of SADC
to realise economic prosperity, political liberalisation, social transformation
and prudent utilisation of environmental finite resources through the active
participation of citizens of the member states. The efforts that are geared
towards the realisation of a prosperous SADC should be employed through the
promotion of regionalised policies and re-characterisation of the citizenship
agenda. SADC economic, political, social and technological interventions are
marred with ostracising of the majority of the people in the regional bloc. The
ostracising of some regional citizens is based on race, tribe, political
affiliation, sexual orientation, socio-economic status and ideological
orientation, which result in them been denied the opportunities to participate
in the activities that are meant to transform their lives. The research
presents some discourse on the role of adult education in sensitising and
educating the ordinary people within the SADC countries, to generate narratives
around the issues that lessen their power to participate actively in the
efforts that are towards the building of the regional body, which is supposed
to have a clear agenda for participatory development. It is noted that the SADC
countries engage in various activities that are apt for their development,
amidst the discriminatory characteristics that leave a significant number of
the underprivileged and those with divergent views with no room to participate.
The influence of the corporate entities has rendered the states in the SADC
region less accommodative of indigenous ideas, with preference been given to
exotic ideologies by the governing elites. The paper exemplifies this position
by showing how Basarwa in countries such as Botswana, Namibia and South Africa
do not play any noticeable economic, political, social and technological roles
in the running of their respective countries. It is argued therefore that SADC
should through Adult Education promote the necessary camaraderie and quid pro
quo within the citizens of the SADC countries so that their knowledge of what
obtains in their respective countries can be achieved. If the regional body is
to be more responsive, it has to be more accommodative and it is through
educating its constituents that it can realise both qualitative and quantitative
forms of development. The paper argues that adult education is chiefly
important for any form of development to take place because it is a vehicle
through which underprivileged sections of the populations such as the San
(Basarwa) can be transformed, so as to be knowledgeable, skilful and have
germane attitudes to foster their participation and enhance regional
development.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS APPROACH FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF ALPHA-AMYLASE AND MALTOGENIC AMYLASE BY NANOMAGNETIC COMBINED CROSS-LINKED ENZYME AGGREGATES METHOD FOR STARCH CONVERSION TO MALTOSE SYRUP
The thermostability
enhancement of specified nanomagnetic combi-CLEAs of α-amylase and maltogenic
amylase was evaluated by assessment of kinetic parameters, temperature
dependence, enzyme half-life, thermal inactivation energy barriers (Ea(in)),
and thermodynamic parameters in a storage thermostability approach at 55–95° C
for 120 minutes. The Michaelis constant (Km) values of
NM-Combi-CLEAs was diminished within 1.5 folds while The catalytic efficiency
was enhanced near 1.32 after CLEAs formation. The half-lives of the fabricated
nano-bio catalyst increased about 2.5 folds at 95º C. Besides, Ea(in)
of the native combined enzymes was appended from 44.75 into 54.76 (KJ.mol-1)
and ΔH* increased from 41.69 to 51.70 (KJ.mol-1) while, ΔS*
decreased 28.2% after immobilization. The NM-Combi-CLEAs conserved 80.4% of its
original activity after ten cycles. Hence, the advanced technique for
NM-Combi-CLEAs production is introduced as an effective and secured method to
fabrication of recyclable immobilized enzyme also, resolving of mass transfer
limitation difficulties and ease in enzyme handling.
Saturday, January 11, 2020
ISOLATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp.) FROM DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHEESE AVAILABLE IN MARKET OF CHATTOGRAM IN BANGLADESH
Cheese is a solid,
fresh or ripened product obtained by adding the enzyme rennet in the presence
of lactic acid produced by the adventitious microorganisms that causes
coagulation and whey separation of milk, cream or partly skimmed milk,
buttermilk. Cheeses of different types especially soft and semi-soft are
suspected to the presence of pathogenic E. coli and Staphylococcus sp. which
are harmful for public health. The purpose of the current research was to
investigate the qualities of cheese collected from super-shops of Chattogram. A
total of 15 cheese samples were collected from three super-shops of Chattogram.
Among 15 cheese samples, the S3 sample collected from shop-B had the highest
bacterial load (1.80×107 cfu/ml) than those in shop-A and shop-C. Isolation of
pathogenic E. coli, Staphylococcus sp. was done by using selective media. Four
out of the total 15 cheese samples were found to be contaminated with E. coli
(26.67%) while ten were detected as contaminated with Staphylococcus sp. (67%).
The antibiotic susceptibility test was done to detect susceptibility to
selective antibiotics. E. coli and Staphylococcus sp. showed almost 100%
resistant behavior to ampicillin, amoxycilin, tetracycline and 50% sensitivity
of E. coli to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin while for Staphylococcus sp.
sensitivity to gentamicin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin was 27.27%, 90.91%,
18.18% respectively. The screening for shiga-toxin strains in E. coli isolates
was based on the detection of the two genes stx1 & stx2 and tetracycline
resistant strains of E. coli were detected for Tet A, Tet B & Tet C genes
by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The screening for methicillin resistant in
Staphylococcus sp. isolates was based on the detection of the mecA gene by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In conclusion, the risk of pathogenic bacteria
is higher in cheese if safety measures not maintained & could pose a
massive health risk.
SELF-EFFICACY AND IT’S INFLUENCE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study
investigated the influence of self-efficacy on the academic performance of the
Grade 12 Senior High School students at the St. Paul College of Bocaue. The
findings of the study concluded that the level of the self-efficacy of the
respondents was high. Likewise, the findings suggested that the students are
resilient and determined in the face of setbacks, feel assured that they will
be able to learn the classroom discussion and excel on their assessment, and
they tend to be more intrinsically motivated to learn new knowledge.
Furthermore, the computed linear regression analysis results revealed that
self-efficacy does not significantly affect the Senior High School students’
academic performance. This suggests that even if the students have a high level
of self-efficacy it doesn’t influence their academic performance in class.
However, it doesn’t mean that the school should not give importance to develop
the students’ self-efficacy. Hence, it is suggested that the school should
continue its academic programs that will continuously develop the student’s
well-being in the process of acquiring relevant experiences and skills in the
school.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTRACELLULAR LIPASE ENZYME FROM Aspergillus costaricaensis CBS115574
In the present study,
the lipase of alkaline nature obtained from the previously isolated strain
Aspergillus costaricaensis CBS115574 was characterized and purified out using
ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatographic techniques on
Diethylaminoethyl A-50 and Sephadex G-100. The purified lipase has the
molecular weight of ~50 kDa which was determined by Sodium dodecyl sulfate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Zymography by using the
phenol red along with the purification fold of 6.63 and specific activity of
31.73 IU/mg after the gel filtration chromatography. Lipase was found to be
stabilized at the pH 7 (122.68 IU/g/min) and at the temperature of 80ºC (141.36
IU/g/min) with its optimal activity at pH 8 and temperature 50ºC. The Km and
Vmax value for extracellular lipase were reported to be 29.62 mM and 74.07
IU/ml with their higher tolerance to glycerol (organic solvent), tween 80
(detergent), Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (activator & inhibitor),
hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing & reducing agent) and sodium chloride (metal
ions) with lipase activity of 106.74 IU/g/min, 84.53 IU/g/min, 108.06 IU/g/min,
97.17 IU/g/min and 118.7 IU/g/min. The above results suggested that A.
costaricaensis CBS115574 lipase found a suitable position for application in
different types of industries.
OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURAL PARAMETERS OF Aspergillus costaricaensis CBS115574 FOR LIPASE PRODUCTION BY SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION
In the present study,
Aspergillus costaricaensis CBS115574 which was previously isolated from the
non-leguminous field soil collected from the Kishangarh city of state Rajasthan
confirmed by 16S rRNA gene/ITS/D1-D2 region sequencing. The cultural parameters
(Carbon sources, nitrogen sources, moisture content, pH, temperature and
particle size etc) of solid-state fermentation have been optimized for the
improved extracellular lipase production. Among different carbon sources, A.
costaricaensis showed best lipase activity (253.6 IU/g/min) in the presence of
lactose. Among the various concentration (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%,
1.4% and 1.6%) of lactose, the optimum concentration was found to be 1.6%.
Among different nitrogen sources, highest lipase activity (55.32 IU/g/min) was
obtained in the presence of yeast extract and the optimum concentration of
yeast extract was found to be 0.5% for maximum lipase activity (236.69 IU/g).
Further the best lipase activity was obtained in the medium of pH 8.0 (312.330
IU/g/min) at 28ºC after 48 hrs of incubation period. Further the particle size
of solid substrate was optimized and highest lipase activity was found when
fine particle size was used. Among the various ratio of moisture content,
highest lipase activity (317.09 IU/g/min) was found at 1:6 moisture content.
From the present work, it is figure out that for the enhanced production of
lipases the medium parameters required to be optimized. The above results help
out the authors in carry out the further studies of purification and
characterization of lipase enzyme produced from A. costaricaensis CBS115574.
FUZZY INFERENCE MODEL OF CARBON DIOXIDE CONSUMPTION FOR CALCIUM CARBONATES PRODUCTION
Experiments performed
of calcium carbonate production by passing carbon dioxide through within
calcium hydroxide mixture prepared in deionized water are considered at low to
high temperature each at a time. In this paper, a built fuzzy interface model
of inputs pH, time and temperature with output reaction conversion is
constructed. Considering a constant temperature, fuzzy inference of carbon dioxide
consumption is orderly inference. Various membership functions, each at a time,
are placed to find representation with the process output. Broader shoulder
membership function response is found closing.
Friday, January 10, 2020
NUMERICAL PRACTICALS OF GAS JETTING INTO WALL BOUNDED SYSTEMS
In this work,
considering a jet of air from the aside slit; scope is the air jetting onto the
fluids contained within the container; the control volume is constructed. This
wall bounded closure is simulated after meshing for various situations and jet
path shows several flow zones. For empty system the jet shows turns and returns
along the walls which elucidate the bubble formation and air trap positions.
When the system is put with fluids compositely, in a half space, the layers are
formed which may define the zone rising or flowing down with jet regimes.
Gaseous mixture striding waves are observed too. Different levels of mass
transfer are identified at interfaces and zones are isolated. These aftermath
numerical practicals show the way to explain many operations during processing.
Monday, January 6, 2020
CHARACTERIZATION AND RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT OF A BIOMARKER (BERGENIN) FROM THE ROOTS OF Securinega virosa
The quality of the roots of Securinega virosa
(Euphorbiaceae) commonly marketed in Ghana for medicinal purposes needs to be
assured through standard quality control procedures. This work has isolated and
characterized a biomarker to be used in assessing the quality of products and
herbal preparations containing the roots of Securinega virosa. Using column
chromatography of 20 g ethanolic roots extract; 0.02% w/w biomarker was
obtained and characterized by melting point determination, UV-Vis, IR, 1D and
2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and comparison to reported literature. The
biomarker was identified as Bergenin. A RP-HPLC method has been developed and
validated for the quality control of S. virosa root preparations with Bergenin
as standard. The most appropriate resolution was attained by a gradient elution
of methanol: 0.05% v/v trifluoroacetic acid in water using Waters Bondapak C18
(3.9×300 mm, 5 μ) column at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a wavelength of 220
nm. The retention time of the biomarker was found to be 14.20 ± 0.01 mins. The
method was subjected to ICH guidelines for validation and showed a good
linearity with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9993. The LOD and LOQ were
found to be 15.23 mg/L and 46.16 mg/L respectively. Tolerable levels of
accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness were observed. The developed
RP-HPLC method estimated 0.465%w/w Bergenin in the roots of S. virosa and may
therefore be employed in the quality control of product containing roots of S.
virosa.
Please read full article : - www.ikprress.org
GLOBAL AND LOCAL EXERCISES OF MESH REFINEMENT OF CONTROL VOLUME MODELS WITHOUT REMESHING
Liquid-water is introduced at different
temperature from side and upstream in a tee pipeline domain. The operation is
simulated after construction of control volume and triangular tetrahedral mesh
generations are performed. Smaller global fine remeshing hung the work station
and for this case, without remeshing, the grid is refined locally at jet
region. Effects of the region adaption are shown and swapping is executed to
improve computation. Profiles along centerline of side jet and profiles along
the centerline of the pipe, away from the jet, are almost identical, however,
for the jet zones the profiles showed certain differentiation. An increase in
the number of cells results in a larger increase in the unit time required for
convergence from machine to machine. The use of the finest refinement is
recommended at the gradients.
Friday, January 3, 2020
STORING RDF DATA: A BRIEF SURVEY
There is an actual need to efficiently store and
retrieve RDF data like the number and scale of Semantic Web in real-word
applications in practice growth. As datasets are linked together, scalability
becomes more critical. Efficient data storage and query processing that can
scale to large amounts of possibly schema-less data have become an important
research topic. The Study objective is to highlight A classification of RDF
storage approach; and illustrations a view of two types of RDF data stores
(Traditional database stores, NoSQL database stores) And therefore, this paper
gives a brief overview of storing RDF data.
FUZZY INTERFACE OF CALCIUM CARBONATE PRODUCTION DEPICTING GAS GAUGE
Calcium carbonate is an active component of the
limestone. Calcium Carbonate Equivalent and the Effective Calcium Carbonate
Equivalent give a numeric to the effectiveness of different liming materials.
The first method compares a particular quarry's stone with the neutralizing
power of pure calcium carbonate [1]. In this paper, the process of mixing
calcium hydroxide into deionized water and jet bubbling carbon dioxide gas
reacting through the contained is used. Output reaction conversion on inputs:
acidity, reaction time, stirring, pressure and temperature is interfaced
creating a fuzzy interfacing model. Reaction conversion is implicated on inputs
of acidity and reaction time for a temperature value keeping other variables
constant and assuming homogeneous reaction throughout within reactor. Gas flow
gauge is fall timely and considering parametric and variability change, this is
depicted.
Thursday, January 2, 2020
CIVIL ENGINEERS KNOWLEDGE OF HSE AND PROJECT MANAGERS' EXPECTATION IN OIL INDUSTRY IN IRAQ
Oil and gas industry is exposed to high risk of
HSE compliance issues. The industry is highly risky by its nature, which
include complex operations and procedures. Health, safety and environment (HSE)
knowledge is vital requirement for employees to enrol themselves in oil and gas
industry. This project aims to find the level of HSE knowledge of the Iraqi
novice civil engineers working in Iraqi oil and gas industry and compare it
with senior engineers and aims to identify the project managers’ expectations regarding
HSE knowledge for the Iraqi novice civil engineers to determine the gap between
the knowledge of novice civil engineers on HSE and expectations of project
managers on novice civil engineers at Iraqi oil and gas industry. From the
analysis, it was deduced that novice civil engineers are having moderate
knowledge on the HSE elements of oil and gas industry. Lowest RII was observed
for hazard analysis, prevention and safety. Comparison of senior and novice
civil engineers revealed that there is significant gap between their knowledge
levels of HSE elements. Interview approach showed that project managers expect
novice civil engineers to have basic awareness, knowledge and skills related to
the industry safety. Gaps were observed in terms of novice civil engineer
knowledge on basic HSE elements and their accountability in sustaining a safety
environment.
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
DIVERSITY AND ETHNOMEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF INDIGENOUS TREE SPECIES IN BAGALE HILLS FOREST RESERVE, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
The study assessed the diversity of the indigenous tree species and also
produce of a compendium of information on the various medicinal uses of the
indigenous tree species and their parts in Bagale Hill Forest Reserve, Girei
Local Government of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Sample plots method was used in the
assessment of the indigenous tree species using the simple random sampling
technique. Five plots measuring 50 m x 50 m were selected within the study
site. All matured trees within the plots were identified and a total count of
them was carried out. Information on ethonomedicinal uses of indigenous trees
was obtained through oral interviews Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Five (5)
communities out of Fifteen (15) were randomly selected for this purpose. Result
of the findings indicated that 38 indigenous trees species belonging to 15
families were encountered in all the five (5) plots inventoried in the study
site. Results further indicate that Hexalobus monopetalus, Piliostigma
thonningii, Prosopis africana, Acacia ataxacantha and Grewia molis were common
to all the sites. Annona senegalensis, Detarrium microcarpum, Terminalia
glaucescens, Hymenocardia acida and Ficus sycomorus were common to four site in
the study area while all other species were found in either three, two or one
area of the study site. Shannon Diversity Index 2.709, 3.124, 2.614, 2.551 and
2.958 respectively for sites A to E, Simpson Diversity Index stood at 0.925,
0.9467, 0.908, 0.9091 and 0.9304, Dominance stood at 0.075, 0.05332, 0.9201, 0.09091
and 0.0696, Evenness index were 0.8835, 0.7841, 0.8028, 0.8546 and 0.7706 while
Equitability Index stood at 0.9563, 0.9278, 0.9225, 0.942 and 0.9191
respectively. The various families encountered were; Anacaediaceae, Annonaceae,
Balanitaceae, Bombacaceae, Burseraceae, Caesalpinioideae, Capparaceae,
Combretaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Hymenocardiaceae, Mimosoideae, Moraceae,
Sapotaceae, Tiliaceae and Verbenaceae. The plant parts used for medicinal
purposes are roots, barks, leaves, stems, Epiphyte etc. The formulation for
medication include; boiling, soaking, etc. Methods of administration include,
drinking, bathing, adding to food as spices and chewing. Among the ailments
treated are dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, Tuberculosis, Meningities, Blood
tonic, High blood Pressure, Worms, Typhoid Fever, Cancer, Malnutrition, Tumors,
Wound Healing, Jaundice, Epilepsy and Rheumatism. It can be thus be concluded
that the sharp decrease in biological tree species across the globe and the
increasing economic values placed on medicinal plants, documentation on
ethnobatanical knowledge is a way to understand the use of different plant
species to cure various ailments and means to conserve these natural resources.
From the findings of the study the following recommendations are hereby made;
the local people need to be trained, encouraged and supported on how to
conserve and manage the medicinal plant species, Young generation need
awareness to avoid negative impacts on the medicinal plants and associated
knowledge in the area, hence, documentation of the medicinal plants of the area
needs to continue.
Please read full article : - www.ikprress.org
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