In current time,
invasive fungal infections have become a major threat for the immunocompromised
hospitalised patients. Also, healthy individuals are much prone to the
commensal yeasts of the oral cavity. Different surveys and studies have
recorded increased rate of Candida albicans and non-albicans such as of C.
glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis
and C. krusei in local and systemic fungal infections. Thus, a rapid and
correct identification of different Candida species plays an important role in
diagnosis and antifungal therapy against candidiasis. The conventional diagnostic
methods, such as histopathology and culture which are based on morphological
and physiological attributes are low in sensitivity and also not very accurate.
Development and standardisation of various molecular techniques (both PCR and
non-PCR based) have proved to be promising approach for correct and quicker
identification of Candida species. More and more technical development in these
methods can bring their widespread clinical use with much more ease in coming
days. The purpose of this review is to highlight the value, limitations and
current state of different molecular approaches utilized for species level
identification in Candida diagnostics.
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