Aim of Review: Studies have been published in the field of
innate system and microbial invasion but much is not know on the mechanisms
involved. This review is organized into areas of components and function of the
immune system, microbial detection, cells of the innate immune system and
homeostasis.
Findings: The innate immune system activates and instructs
adaptive immune responses, regulates inflammation, and mediates immune
homeostasis which is the balance between opposing pro inflammatory and
anti-inflammatory processes. The cells of the innate immune system use pattern
recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs) on microorganisms, and communicate through cytokines.
Activation of the innate immune system begins with resident cells such as the
macrophages, epithelial cells and mast cells in the tissues at the site of the
infection. If the threat of infection accelerates, these cells recruit other
cells such as the neutrophils, NK cells, dendritic cells, monocytes and
platelets from the circulation into the inflamed tissues. Many of the same
cells and mechanisms used to recognize and attack microbes and initiate
inflammatory reactions are also used to clear away damaged and dying cells and
down regulate inflammation to maintain homeostasis within the host.
Conclusion: The innate immune system refers to germline
defense mechanisms that are directed against molecular components found only in
microorganisms. These mechanisms are not learned, adapted, or permanently
heightened as a result of exposure to microorganisms, although they are refined
by evolution over generations.
See more details : - http://www.ikprress.org/index.php/AJMAB/article/view/4690
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