The present study was
carried out to develop an efficient plant regeneration protocol for Sesamum
indicum (L.) from cotyledon explants prepared from 10-day-old in vitro grown
plantlets. Cotyledon explants inoculated on MS medium containing 2 mg l−1
N6 –Benzyladenine (BA) and 30 mg l−1 spermidine induced
the higher number of shoots (23.43 shoots/explant) and the induced shoots were
elongated (5.63 cm/shoots) in the same medium. The maximum frequency (92.33%)
of root induction was recorded in MS medium fortified with 10 mg l−1
putrescine. Up to 95% of the regenerated plantlets acclimatized and developed
further under the greenhouse conditions. Antibacterial activity of the
regenerated plant extracts exhibited resistance against various pathogens such
as, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus
luteus. Highest zone of inhibition (13 mm) was recorded for B. subtilis and M.
luteus at 50 μg ml−1 extract.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
FRUIT AND NUT CHARACTERISTICS OF PROMISING PERSIAN WALNUT TREES IN VIETNAM
Persian walnut
(Juglans regia L.) is the most economically important cultivated species for
timber and nutritious nuts among 21 walnuts worldwide. Walnut has been planted
in Vietnam personally in a small number of areas in Northern provinces sharing
borderlines with China. The objective of this study was to survey
characteristics of fruits and nuts of 15 J. regia promising trees and discuss
their suitability as plus trees serving for intensive plantation. The results
indicated that fruit diameter ranges 40.41-49.7 mm, fruit weight ranges
38.12-70.81 g, nut diameter ranges 24.19-34.96 mm, and nut weight ranges
9.07-25.26 g. The nut to fruit ratio for diameter ranges 57.8-70.4% and for
weight ranges 20.4-35.7%. There existed positive linear relationships between
fruit weight and nut weight for 10 of 15 promising trees with regression/R2
>0.5. While relationships between fruit diameter and nut diameter generally
did not exist or existed with low regression (R2 <0.3). It is
concluded that six of 15 promising trees could be selected as plus trees for
intensive plantations through grafting technique. Those plus trees have a nut
to fruit ratio for weight >30% and high regressions between fruit weight and
nut weight.
Friday, September 27, 2019
PROPERTIES OF THE SPECTRUM FOR THE SINGULAR DIFFUSION OPERATOR
In this study,
singular diffusion operator is considered, we have derived integral equations
for the solutions under certain initial conditions. We have also derived integral
representations that satisfy initial conditions. Some features of the zeros of
the characteristic functions have been obtained and with the help of these, we
have investigated spectral properties of singular diffusion operator.
Furthermore, we have obtained the asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues,
eigenfunctions and normalizing numbers.
ON A CERTAIN TWO-SMALL-PARAMETER CUBIC-QUINTIC NON-LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION HAVING SLOWLY-VARYING COEFFICIENTS WITH APPLICATION TO DYNAMIC BUCKLING
The present research
uses multi-timing regular perturbations in asymptotic expansions to analyze a
certain differential equation having a cubic-quintic nonlinearity. The
differential equation contains slowly-varying explicitly time-dependent
coefficients as well as some small parameters upon which asymptotic expansions
are initiated. The formulation is seen to be typical of a certain mass-spring
arrangement (with geometric imperfection), trapped by a loading history that is
explicitly time-dependent and slowly varying, but continuously decreasing in
magnitude, while the restoring force on the spring has a cubic-quintic
nonlinearity. The dynamic buckling load
of the elastic model structure is determined analytically and is related to the
corresponding static buckling load. To the level of the accuracy retained, it
is observed that the dynamic buckling load depends, among others, on the value
of the first derivative of the loading function evaluated at the initial time.
All results are asymptotic and implicit in the load amplitude.
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
DENUMERABLE PRODUCT SPACES OF PSEUDOQUOTIENTS I
A space of
pseudoquotients ß(X,G) is defined as the set of equivalence classes of pairs
(x, g), where x ∈ X, an arbitrary
non-empty set, and g ∈ G, a commutative
semigroup acting on X such that (x, g)~(y, h) if hx = gy. In this paper, we
shall construct the pseudoquotient space ß(ΠXi,ΠGi) where X is replaced
by a cartesian product of countably infinite non-empty sets Xi and G
by a direct product denumerable commutative semigroups Gi, i ∈ I an indexing set, such that ΠGi acts
injectively on ΠXi.
THE SEMI-TOTAL MONOPHONIC DOMINATION NUMBER OF A GRAPH
In this paper the
concept of semi-total monophonic domination number of a graph is introduced. A
set of vertices of a graph is called a total monophonic set if is a monophonic set and its induced subgraph
has no isolated vertices. The minimum cardinality of all total monophonic sets
of is called the total monophonic number
and is denoted by. A set of
vertices in is called a monophonic dominating set if is both a monophonic set and a dominating
set. The minimum cardinality of a monophonic dominating set of is its monophonic domination number and is
denoted by . A monophonic dominating set of size is said to be a set. A set
of vertices in a graph with no
isolated vertices is said to be a semi-total monophonic set of if it is a monophonic set of and every vertex in is within distance 2 of another vertex of .
The semi-total monophonic AMS Subject classification: 05C12 number, denoted by , is the minimum
cardinality of a semitotal monophonic dominating set of .
Monday, September 23, 2019
RECENT ADVANCES ON RELIABLE METHODS FOR SOLVING TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM AND FUZZY TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM
The transportation
problem is the most important and successful application of linear programming
studied in the area of operations research. In the past few decades, new
approaches have been developed to improve the components of the existing
platform. This paper presents recent advances on reliable methods for solving
transportation problem and fuzzy transportation problem through a survey table
in which our comments as a remark has been included. An attempt has been made
to provide a variety of methods to solve the transportation problem within a
limited structure; through which ideas could be developed for designing new
algorithms. It provides a better platform for further research work in the area
of transportation problem.
GAS TYPE DETECTION AND CONCENTRATION ESTIMATION USING THERMAL MODULATED RESISTIVE SENSOR AND NEURAL NETWORKS
In this paper, a new
processing sensor data method base on neural networks and principal component
analysis block is presented in order to identify the gas type and to estimate
the gas concentration. Three gases in thirteen different concentrations have
been examined including methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol. For temperature
modulation, the stair-case voltage was applied to the sensor heater at spans of
40s in 200s. In each of the obtained curves, at any span, transient and steady
state responses were recorded. These recorded properties are analyzed using the
usual methods of pattern recognition. Principal component analysis was used to
increase the selectivity of the sensor and the neural network was used to
recognize the type and estimate the gas concentration. In this study, we have
achieved the separation of gases successfully as well as average estimation
error concentration was calculated to be 0.00358%.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
ULTRASOUND IMAGE ENHANCEMENT BASED ON FUZZY MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION AND RADON TRANSFORM
The main focus of
medical image enhancement is to create an image which is more appropriate and
efficient than the original image for the particular application. Several
conventional and fuzzy based enhancement techniques have been proposed already
for medical imaging. However, these methods develop various disagreeable visual
issues such as level diffusion, uplifted noise level and over and under enhancement.
To overcome these issues, this paper presents an enhancement technique based on
normalisation, S function and radon transform. Initially, the input image is
normalised so that the gray level of input image lies between [0,255] and
fuzzified the normalised image by employing ramp function. Then S function is
used to create a modification in the fuzzified image and subsequently, radon
transform is carried out to avoid unwanted signal. Finally, the defuzzification
process is done to show the effectiveness of the enhanced image. A simulation
result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
CHEMICAL REACTION EFFECTS ON A CASSON FLUID FLOW OVER A VERTICAL POROUS SURFACE BY KELLERBOX METHOD
In the present study,
the Casson fluid flow over a vertical porous surface with chemical reaction is
investigated. The governing partial differential equations are converted into
ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. The
reduced system of equations is then solved using an implicit FDM known as the
Keller Box method. The velocity and concentration profiles are examined for
various changes in the different governing parameters like the Casson
parameter, suction parameter, Grash of number, and the Schmidt number.
Thursday, September 19, 2019
ON A CLASS OF DIRAC OPERATORS WITH EIGENVALUE NONLINEARLY DEPENDENT TO BOUNDARY CONDITION
Aims: In this study, a
class of Dirac operators with boundary conditions depend on the m−th degree
polynomial of spectral parameter have been considered.
Results: Properties of
spectral characteristic are investigated and uniqueness theorems for the
inverse problem are proved for this operator.
A NOTE ON GEOMETRIC SURFACES
The concept of
fundamental group of a topological space is explored with Seifert van-Kampen
theorem and how they contribute to differentiating between some geometric
surfaces. Some useful results and concepts
of group theory together with classification of surfaces will serve as a
prerequisite to enhance the study of the concept and some of its applications
will be introduced, studied and proved.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
THE DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS IN BHASKARA'S FRAMEWORK: EXPLORATION OF ZERO AND INFINITY
The chief object of
this paper is to give the true foundation of the calculus, differential and
integral, in the doctrine of zero and infinity as given in the Lilavati of
Bhaskara II.
ON SOME NON-EUCLIDEAN PRINCIPAL IDEAL DOMAINS
It is usual to prove
that every Euclidean domain (ED) is a principal ideal domain (PID). This work
developed and used inequalities to show that every Euclidean domain (ED) is a
principal ideal domain and that the converse does not hold. It shows how the
field norm may be applied to prove a simple result about the ring R of
algebraic integers in complex quadratic fields Q⌊ √-M ⌋ which are
Euclidean domains (EDs) and principal ideal domains (PIDs). Finally, how
universal side divisors may be applied to prove some results about principal
ideal domains (PIDs) which are not Euclidean domains (non-EDs).
Monday, September 16, 2019
A NOTE ON SD REPRESENTATION OF A SV MODEL WITH DG SOLUTION
This paper studies the
optimal control representation of dynamic system of stochastic volatility model
and presents a dynamic game solution to the problem. First, the optimal control
problem in a SV model, in the form of dynamic system, is presented. Then, it is
interpreted as a dynamic game and is solved using Bellman equation. The price
model is taken from [1] and the SV model comes from Heston SV model.
RATE OF APPROXIMATION BY SOME SEQUENCE OF MIXED INTEGRAL TYPE OPERATORS
In the year 1988 Guo
[1] introduced the integral modification of Meyer Konig and Zeller operators
and studied the rate of convergence for functions of bounded variation. Gupta
[2] gave the sharp estimates for these operators. This paper is an extensive
survey on the Meyer-K¨onig and Zeller operators. It includes most of the
modifications they have undergone through the years. We compute rate of
convergence of the defined operators by means of modulus of continuity.
Friday, September 13, 2019
A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT ROOT-FINDING ALGORITHM FOR DEALING WITH SCALAR NONLINEAR EQUATIONS: ITERATIVE PROCEDURE BASED ON GEOMETRIC CONSIDERATIONS
In this study, we
present a simple and efficient root-finding algorithm for approximating the
solution of scalar nonlinear equations. The proposed iterative scheme is based
on geometric considerations using only the first-order derivative associated
with the nonlinear function in question. The predictive capabilities of this
numerical procedure for providing an accurate approximate solution associated
with a nonlinear equation are tested, assessed and discussed on some examples.
TWO-STEP INTEGRAL COLLOCATION-VARIATIONAL ITERATION METHOD FOR THE SOLUTIONS OF INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
In this paper, an
algorithm based on integral collocation and variational iteration method for
solving integro-differential equations is presented. In the rst instance,
integro-differential equations are reduced to a system of integral equations
after which we replaced all the derivatives in the new system of integral
equations with their equivalent new derivatives. These new derivatives were
obtained by approximating the nth order derivative with truncated Chebyshev
series and then integrated n-times to obtain expressions for lower-order
derivatives and the function itself. After the second iteration, the residual
equation is formed which is collocated at the chosen collocation points and
extra n equations are also obtained from the boundary conditions. Computational
results are given for test examples to demonstrate the effectiveness,
reliability, applicability and efficiency of the new method. It is shown that
the solutions obtained from the method have very high degree of accuracy.
Thursday, September 12, 2019
FIXED POINT RESULTS ON A CLOSED BALL IN K-SEQUENTIALLY-COMPLETE PREORDERED QUASI-PARTIAL METRIC SPACES
Fixed point results
for the self dominated mappings satisfying locally Hardy Roger type contractive
conditions on a closed ball in K-sequentially 0-complete preordered
quasi-partial metric space have been established. An example has been given.
Many well-known recent results have been generalized.
A GEOMETRY-BASED ITERATIVE ALGORITHM FOR FINDING THE APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS
This paper is devoted
to a new iterative method for finding the approximate solutions of systems of
nonlinear equations. Based on some geometric considerations, a root-finding
algorithm applied to a single equation is developed and coupled with Jacobi and
Gauss-Seidel procedures with the aim of solving nonlinear systems. The
numerical predictive abilities of this iterative method are addressed and
discussed on some examples.
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
COMPACTNESS IN PYTHAGOREAN FUZZY TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
In this paper, the
concept of Pythagorean fuzzy compactness, Pythagorean fuzzy almost compactness
and Pythagorean fuzzy near compactness are introduced and studied. We give some
characterizations of Pythagorean fuzzy almost compactness in terms of
Pythagorean fuzzy regular open or Pythagorean fuzzy regular closed. Also, we
investigate the behavior of Pythagorean fuzzy compactness under several types
of Pythagorean fuzzy continuous.
FORCING ROMAN DOMINATION IN GRAPHS
A set S of vertices is
a dominating set if every vertex in V \ S has a neighbour in S. A Roman
dominating function (RDF) on a graph G = (V,E) is defined to be a function f :
V → {0, 1, 2} satisfying the condition that every vertex u for which f(u) = 0
is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which f(v) = 2. A Roman dominating
function f of G can also be represented by a set of ordered pairs Sf
= {(v, f(v)) : v ∈ V } . A subset T
of Sf is called a forcing subset of Sf if Sf
is the unique extension of T to a γR(G)-function. We define a forcing
Roman domination number of Sf denoted by F(Sf, γR), as
F(Sf, R) = min{|T| : T is aforcing subset of Sf }. The
forcing Roman domination number F(G, γR) of G is degined as F(G; γR) = min{f(Sf,
γR) : f is a γR(G) function}. Hence for every graph G, F(G,γR) ≥ 0. In this
paper, we initiate a study of this parameter. We also obtain the forcing Roman
domination number of paths, cycles, complete graphs, and complete multipartite.
Tuesday, September 10, 2019
DETERMINING OPTIMAL INDEX OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT FOR INDIAN FMCG SECTOR (EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON ITS CONTRIBUTION TO EFFICIENCY)
Firms with efficient
working capital management generate more free cash flows will result in a higher
business valuation. The present study aims to analyze the working capital
management efficiency of firms in Fast Moving Consumer Goods industry in India
selecting a sample of all the firms of CNX FMCG index of National Stock
Exchange of India for the period from 2003-04 to 2014-15. Performance index,
utilization index, efficiency index are used to measure the efficiency of
working capital management. Empirical results proved that the Indian Fast
Moving Consumer Goods industry performed remarkably well during the study
period.
DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN CAPITAL FLOWS, EXCHANGE RATES AND GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
This paper examines
the relationship between capital flows, exchange rate, and growth for the
Nigerian economy for the periods 1986-2014. Employing the vector autoregressive
(VAR) approach, empirical findings from the impulse response reveals that
capital inflows respond negatively to changes in exchange rate. Also, the
results show that capital inflows react positively to growth suggesting that
the higher the economic growth the more the capital inflows. The study also
shows that exchange rate response positively to shock in capital inflows
suggesting that the more the capital inflows the more the Nigeria currency
appreciates. Furthermore, it was found that growth responds positively to shock
in capital inflows indicating that the higher the capital inflows the higher
the rate of economic growth. The variance decomposition of capital inflows
shows that variation in capital inflows is greatly influenced by growth. Also,
the variance decomposition of exchange rate suggests that capital inflow plays
a significant role in the variation of the exchange rate. Furthermore, the
outcome of the study also shows that both the capital inflows and exchange rate
produce almost the same influence on economic growth. Finally, employing the
Granger causality in determining the causal relationship between the variables,
it was found that there is a unidirectional causal relationship between growth
and capital inflows in Nigeria. The implication of this study is that
government should design and implement policies towards enhancing economic
growth to stimulate capital inflow.
Monday, September 9, 2019
DETERMINANTS OF BILATERAL TRADE BETWEEN CAMEROON AND HER TRADING PARTNERS: EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE GRAVITY MODEL
Exports have continued
to play an important role in the economy of many developing countries. In this
way the level of economic growth, employment and the balance of payments can be
promoted. In Cameroon, the government has initiated several trade policy
reforms aimed at promoting the export sector. This notwithstanding the
country’s share in total world exports remains very low. Given the central role
of exports in the economy, it was important to identify the plausible factors
affecting export flows between Cameroon and her trading partners using an
augmented gravity trade model. The panel dataset used covered a period from
1995 to 2014. The results showed that Cameroon’s GDP, importer’s GDP, real
exchange rate, population and official common language had a positive and
statistically significant effect on Cameroon’s exports. The study further
showed that the distance between Cameroon and its trading partners had a
negative and statistical significant effect on export flows. These results
provide some policy insights which can enhance trade and foster economic
growth, notably improvement in infrastructural development which is linked to
transportation cost.
DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL FLOWS INTO NIGERIA: AN AUTOREGRESSIVE-DISTRIBUTED LAG (ARDL) APPROACH
The rate of capital
flows into the emerging markets is alarming and has become a subject of debate
in the literature. It is mostly believed that capital flows are beneficial to
the economies of the developing countries as it engenders the efficient
allocation of global resources thereby increasing the availability of capital
required for investment and economic growth. Despite the general belief, the
macroeconomic variables that determine capital flows remain controversial. In
the light of this, the study attempted to examine the long-run and short-run
determinants of capital flows into Nigeria. The study employed secondary data
sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), FRED Economic data, and World
Development Indicator between the periods of 1986-2014. Using the econometric
technique of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), the study found that
exchange rate (LnEXR) and stock market prices (LnSP) are important determinants
of capital flows into Nigeria both in the short-run and long-run. It is,
therefore, recommended that the government, through its policies, should make
concerted effort in boosting the activities at the stock market in a bid to
attract capital flows into the country.
Saturday, September 7, 2019
EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF HEALTH CARE FINANCING IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM OGUN STATE
The ways a country
funds its health care delivery system could be an indicator of how much
importance is placed on the commodity and its consumers. The aim of this paper
is to evaluate the efficacy or otherwise of healthcare financing in Nigeria. To
achieve the objective of the study, different questionnaires were designed and
administered to the patients and health practitioners of a public hospital in
Ogun State. The total number of questionnaire administered was 50 copies (25
copies for the patients; 25 copies for the health practitioners) and all the
questionnaires were returned. A multiple regression analysis was adopted to
justify the effectiveness of healthcare financing options on health services in
Nigeria. The findings revealed that tax –based healthcare financing is
effective inthe purchase of health services in Nigeria. Also, the result
indicated that out-of-pocket healthcare financing has significant effect on
health services in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that while out
–of-pocket may be necessary as means of purchasing health services, the
government should intensify the use of tax-based healthcare financing to
facilitate the provision of sustainable healthcare service in Nigeria.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE: A STUDY OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
While reviewing
financial information in the annual reports of firms, each of the internal and
external users of financial information has a different objective in mind for
the firm. In effect, the same set of annual reports of the firm is being
reviewed by different types of users with a different objective in mind. This
paper aims to measure the extent of voluntary disclosure provided in the annual
reports of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria over a period of twelve (12)
years from 2006 to 2017. Using three panel data regression models (the pooled,
the fixed effects and the random effects OLS) voluntary disclosure scores of
the DMBs is estimated on selected DMBs’ corporate governance attributes (Board
Composition, Audit Committee Composition, Board Size, frequency of audit
committee meetings and presence of foreigner on board). The study finds that
board composition, audit committee composition and frequency of audit committee
meetings are positively correlated with voluntary information disclosure and
that board size and presence of foreigner on board are negatively correlated
with voluntary information disclosure. The study recommends that regulatory
authorities in Nigeria should ensure standardization in reporting formats for
DMBs to allow for comparability among different DMBs. It is also recommended
that government should provide incentives for more voluntary disclosures to
reduce information asymmetry in the Nigeria Stock Exchange market and attract
more foreign investments into the market, and hence boost the economy. Based on
the findings of this study, it is further recommended that board independence
should be encouraged by the regulatory authorities as it fosters more voluntary
disclosure. Moreover, based on the findings of this study, policies that
restrict board size should be favoured as banks with a larger board size tend
to disclose less voluntary information.
Friday, September 6, 2019
CERTAIN RESULTS ON N(K)-CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLD
In this paper, we
study the curvature properties of N(k)-contact metric manifolds satisfying the
conditions Projective Ricci pseudosymmetric Condition, W3-Ricci pseudosymmetric
Condition, P.Q = 0, Q.P = 0, W3.Q = 0, Q.W3 = 0.
Thursday, September 5, 2019
METALS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LEAVES AND PEELS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya) SOLD WITHIN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Leaves and peels of
pawpaw bought from open market within Port Harcourt metropolis were examined for
metals and qualitative phytochemical compositions with the intent or aim to
examine their phyto and ethno medical importance as agricultural waste
products. The metals examined in the leaves and peels of the pawpaw were;
manganese (Mn), potassium (K), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium
(Ca), iron (Fe), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and
selenium (Se). Their concentrations were in the order Fe > Mn > Zn >
Mg > K >Cu > Ca > Ni > Na > Pb> Ar = Se in the leaves,
while those of the peels were in the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Mg > Cu
> Ca > K > Ni = Na > Pb> Ar = Se. The results of heavy metals in
leaves and peels were not significantly different from each other, but were
slightly higher in the peels than the leaves. The phytochemicals examined in
the leaves and plants were flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenol,
terpenoids, tannins, carboxylic acids, quinones and xanthoproteins. The
phytochemicals detected in the aqueous extracts of the leaves and peels were;
flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, caboxylic acids and xanthoprotein, while
methanolics extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides,
phenolics, terpenoids and xanthoproteins. The presence of micronutrients and
phytochemicals in the pawpaw plant might be the reason for its utility in the
cure of different diseases and ailments.
MENINGITIS; THE RESIDENT GUEST AND THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN NIGERIA (A CASE OF 2017)
This article seeks to
review the preparedness of the health care system in the last outbreak of
meningitis in Nigeria that has come to be our residential guest. Nigeria is one
of the 26 countries within the extensive region of sub-Saharan Africa known as
the "meningitis belt," where large epidemics occur. The outbreaks
peak in the dry season in certain states is due to the low humidity and dusty
conditions and usually end as the rainy season approaches, Meningitis is a
tough disease and it is associated with overcrowding, which is why Nigeria
records some of the highest incidences of the disease on the continent.
Concerted efforts should centre on bringing the outbreak under control, as all
stalk holders must work towards preventing outbreaks of this scale in the
future. It is expected that States takes ownership of outbreak preparedness and
ensure that all efforts put into preparedness translate to meaningful action
for response. Hence local and international collaborations cannot be over
emphasized in managing the epidemic.
Wednesday, September 4, 2019
DIVERSITY OF MICROBES VIS-A-VIS Bacillus thuringiensis IN RICE FIELD SOILS OF NRRI, INDIA
Different microbiome
and Bacillus thuringiensis diversity and dynamics of field soils of sole rain
fed rice, and deep/shallow water rice-fish cultivation systems of National Rice
Research Institute was assessed to enrich knowledge on functionalities of
active microbial guilds of aforementioned micro-ecologies. Diversity and
dynamics (x105 cfu/g soil, approx.) of microbial guilds viz.
heterotrophs (1.04-7.87), spore formers (0.37-0.99), Gram negative bacteria
(0.87-9.44), asymbiotic N2 fixers (0.10-0.17), nitrifiers
(0.04-0.38), denitrifiers (0.09-0.38), spore crystal formers (0.003-0.02),
actinobacteria (0.004-0.005) and fungi (0.003-0.01), as well as, indices
(0.07-0.19 x 10-2) of spore-crystal forming bacteria i.e. Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) were highly diverse in rain fed rice and deep/shallow water
rice-fish farming field soils. Four spore-crystal forming bacterial isolates
viz. TB426 and 432 of rice field, and TB436 of deep water rice-fish and TB442
of shallow water rice-fish farming field soils were diverse in phenotypic
characters, antibiotic/salt (6–11% NaCl) tolerance, crystal composition
(bipyramidal but variable sizes) etc. The Bt isolates (Bts) had 62.10-76.87 kbp
genomic DNA (gDNA) and single plasmid (24.33- 42.50 kbp). The Bts (TB 426/432)
had 12-14 cellular proteins (9.88-540.7 kDa). Phenotypic identities of TB426
and 432 were Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) var. galleriae, TB436 was Bt var.
thompsoni/coreanensis and TB442 was Bt var. dendrolimus/sotto. The results
proved structural and functional diversity of Bt population in NRRI rice soils
of different micro-ecologies. The resident Bt with different toxin composition
would be potent natural biocide and can be exploited for suppression of
different rice field pests to sustain productivity.
IMPACT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA FUNGI ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THUYA (Tetraclinis articulata Vahl masters) PLANTS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITION IN A FOREST NURSERY
This study focused on
different parameters attached to the drought resistance of Thuya inoculated by
an indigenous endomycorrhizal fungus. The mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Thuya
plants were exhibited to two stages of water: the level of water stress and an
irrigation normal level. The results showed that controlled mycorrhization
significantly improves plant tolerance to water dryness. Our finding showed
that the inoculation with endomycorrhizal fungi had a negative effect on the
content of photosynthetic pigments. On the other hand, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Fungi (AMF) inoculation had a positive impact on the soluble sugar content,
which was higher in AMF plants (251.4 mg/g) than in non-AMF plants (222.53
mg/g). Furthermore, the build-up of proline was lower in mycorrhizal plants
(89.95 mg/g) than in non-mycorrhizal plants (194.71 mg/g). Also, the total
soluble protein content was higher in mycorrhizal plants (257.84 µg/g) than
non-mycorrhizal plants (225.49 μg/g) under water stress. These data clearly
show that inoculation with endomycorrhizal fungi has improved the drought
tolerance of Tetraclinis articulata plants, which could be a very interesting
solution to reduce the adverse effects caused by drought and subsequently
determine the success of the programs regeneration in Thuya forests.
Tuesday, September 3, 2019
EFFECT OF pH STABILITY ON ALPHA AMYLASE EXTRACTED FROM Aspergillus niger ON STARCH FROM LOCAL RICE IN GHANA
Background:
Alpha-amylases are one class of the amylase enzymes extensively synthesized in
plants, animals, and microbes. They have been generally used in many industrial
applications in a wide range of industrial processes such as food, pharmaceutical
and detergent industries.
Due to their high
catalytic and thermos stability property according to Yadav, fungal amylases
are effectively applied in a wide range of industrial processes. These enzymes
are affected by pH, temperature and/or substrates concentration.
Aim: This study aimed at determining the stability of alpha amylase from Aspergillus niger with varied pH conditions.
Methods: The kinetic stability of the enzyme was measured by determining its half-life (t1/2) and inactivation rate constant (kd) where pH was varied from 4.5 to 8.5 along with temperature from 50°C to 90°C. The inactivation rate constant was determined from the equation while the t1/2 was determined from=.
Results: The activation energy of inactivation was determined from the Arrhenius plot of inactivation. The protein concentration was estimated to be 2.57mg/ml by the Biuret method. The amylase isolated was thermos table with an optimum temperature of 70°C, optimum pH of 6.5 and an optimum substrate concentration of 0.26%. The Km was 0.13% while the Vmax was 1.0×10-4g/ml. The kd values ranges from 0.0780 to 0.0814 min-1 while the t1/2 values ranges from 8.51 to 8.78min and the results observed for pH 4.5, 6.5, 7.0, and 8.5 are 4.821 x102J/mol, 9.342 x102J/mol, 28.025 x102J/mol and -9.362x102 J/mol respectively.
Conclusion: The stability of the enzyme is decreased by pH variation in the order pH 8.5 < pH 4.5 < pH 6.5 < pH 7.0 showing that the enzyme is stable in alkaline and acidic medium than in a neutral pH. The optimum substrate at which the reaction rate is independent of the substrate concentration was determined to be 0.26% (0.0026 g/ml)
THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL THEORY IN CITIZEN TRUST IN LOCAL E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES
Trust in government
(TG) represents to one’s explanations regarding the truth and ability of the
movement, as long as the e-government services. E-government services can
support to start citizen trust of government. In former study, very few is
attentive on the significant of e-government services and trust in local
government. To fill up these research gaps present study absorbed to found
trust in local government services by institutional theory. The research is
grounded on the quantitative field survey wherever 300 respondents after the
rural area of Bangladesh have been measured as sample. Sample has been
collected at Chittagong, one Union Parishad, in Bangladesh. The IBM statistics
SPSS 21 and LISREL 8.7 used to perform statistical analysis. The theoretical
outline is observed by structural equation modelling (SEM). This article
suggests a model observe in what way e-government services (i.e., mimetic
mechanism, coercive mechanism, normative mechanism) affect citizen trust in
local government. Using Statistical equation model (SEM) in current research,
it finds that mimetic and transaction services are associated with the
e-government services while normative services does not associate. We conclude
with implications and suggestion for future research.
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