EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES AND BIOPESTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF Alternaria BLACK ROT DISEASE IN CITRUS | PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Citrus is one of Pakistan's main commercial fruit crops. Various factors can affect the quality and quantity of citrus, including diseases, particularly fungal diseases. Among the fungal diseases in Pakistan, black rot disease (Alternaria citri) causes major reductions in citrus quality and quantity. Effectively, fungicides and biopesticides regulate citrus black rot disease. In the current analysis, under laboratory and field conditions, six fungicides and gel extracts from Aloe vera were evaluated. Three separate concentrations of fungicides (5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm): Cabriotop, Amistar, Rally, Nativo Performance and Topsin M were tested under laboratory conditions using food poisoning techniques and spraying on citrus trees under field conditions. Amistar demonstrated the highest inhibition (59.29 percent) and 52.59 percent at concentrations of 15 ppm and 10 ppm respectively in laboratory conditions. Although Rally and Nativo demonstrated a minimum inhibition of 29.54 and 31.65 percent at a concentration of 5 ppm. At 15 ppm, Cabriotop and success demonstrated full inhibition. Amistar reported the highest inhibition in field conditions (52.70 percent) compared to other tested fungicides, followed by Cabriotop (38.28 percent), Rally (36.03 percent) and Nativo (38.28 percent) compared to other tested fungicides (35.58 percent ). However, Progress and Topsin-M respectively demonstrated marginal inhibition of 32.88 percent and 27.47 percent. Three plant extracts were evaluated in vitro against Alternaria citri mycelial growth. At 6 percent concentration (48.31 percent), Parthenium showed maximum inhibition, followed by Akk 40.65 percent, while Aloe vera showed 34.45 percent minimum inhibition. Parthenium also showed remarkable results at concentrations of 4 and 2 percent relative to other therapies studied. In conclusion, the current studies have shown that the use of Amistar fungicides and Parthenium extract has great potential for citrus black rot disease control.

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